Epstein Files Full PDF

The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (a.k.a. Essential Medicines List or EML^[1]), published by the World Health Organization (WHO), contains the medications considered to be most effective and safe to meet the most important needs in a health system.^[2] The list is frequently used by countries to help develop their own local lists of essential medicines.^[2] As of 2016^[update], more than 155 countries have created national lists of essential medicines based on the World Health Organization's model list.^[1] This includes both developed and developing countries.^[2][3]

The list is divided into core items and complementary items.^[4] The core items are deemed to be the most cost-effective options for key health problems and are usable with little additional health care resources.^[4] The complementary items either require additional infrastructure such as specially trained health care providers or diagnostic equipment or have a lower cost–benefit ratio.^[4] About 25% of items are in the complementary list.^[5] Some medications are listed as both core and complementary.^[6] While most medications on the list are available as generic products, being under patent does not prevent inclusion.^[7]

The first list was published in 1977 and included 208 medications.^[8][2][9] The WHO updates the list every two years.^[10] There are 306 medications in the 14th list in 2005,^[11] 410 in the 19th list in 2015,^[10] 433 in the 20th list in 2017,^[12][13] 460 in the 21st list in 2019,^[14][15][16] and 479 in the 22nd list in 2021.^[17][18] Various national lists contain between 334 and 580 medications.^[5][19] The Essential Medicines List (EML) was updated in September 2025 to its 24th edition.^[20] The list contains recommendations for 523 medications.

A separate list for children up to twelve years of age, known as the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (EMLc), was created in 2007, and is in its 10th edition.^{[10][21][22][23][24]} It was created to make sure that the needs of children were systematically considered such as availability of proper formulations.^[25][26] Everything in the children's list is also included in the main list.^[27] The list and notes are based on the 19th to 24th edition of the main list.^{[4][12][14][17][28]} Therapeutic alternatives with similar clinical performance are listed for some medicines and they may be considered for national essential medicines lists.^[17][18] The 10th Essential Medicines List for Children was updated in September 2025.^[24][29][30]

Note: An α indicates a medicine is on the complementary list.^[4][14][17]

• Isoflurane
• Nitrous oxide^{[note 1]}
• Oxygen
• Sevoflurane

• Ketamine
• Propofol^{[note 2]}

• Bupivacaine
• Lidocaine
• Lidocaine/epinephrine (lidocaine + epinephrine (adrenaline))

Complementary:

• Ephedrine^{α[note 3]}

• Atropine
• Midazolam
• Morphine

• Oxygen^{[note 4]}

• Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)
• Ibuprofen^{[note 5]}
• Paracetamol (acetaminophen)^{[note 6]}

• Codeine
• Fentanyl^{[note 7]}
• Morphine^{[note 8]}

Complementary:

• Methadone^{α[note 9]}

• Amitriptyline
• Cyclizine
• Dexamethasone
• Diazepam
• Docusate sodium
• Fluoxetine
• Haloperidol
• Hyoscine butylbromide
• Hyoscine hydrobromide
• Lactulose
• Loperamide
• Metoclopramide
• Midazolam^{[note 10]}
• Ondansetron^{[note 11]}
• Senna

• Dexamethasone
• Epinephrine (adrenaline)
• Hydrocortisone
• Loratadine^{[note 12]}
• Prednisolone^{[note 13]}

• Charcoal, activated^{[note 14]}

• Acetylcysteine
• Atropine
• Calcium gluconate
• Methylthioninium chloride (methylene blue)
• Naloxone
• Penicillamine
• Potassium ferric hexacyano-ferrate(II) -2H₂O (prussian blue)
• Sodium nitrite
• Sodium thiosulfate

Complementary:

• Deferoxamine^α
• Dimercaprol^α
• Fomepizole^α
• Sodium calcium edetate^α
• Succimer^α

• Carbamazepine
• Diazepam
• Lamotrigine^{[note 15]}
• Levetiracetam
• Lorazepam^{[note 16]}
• Magnesium sulfate^{[note 17]}
• Midazolam^{[note 10]}
• Phenobarbital
• Phenytoin^{[note 18]}
• Valproic acid (sodium valproate)^{[note 19]}

Complementary:

• Ethosuximide^α
• Levetiracetam^α
• Valproic acid (sodium valproate)^{α[note 19]}

Complementary:

• Cladribine^α
• Glatiramer acetate^α
• Rituximab^{α[note 20]}

• Biperiden^{[note 21]}
• Levodopa/carbidopa (levodopa + carbidopa)^{[note 22]}

• Baclofen

• Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)
• Ibuprofen^{[note 23]}
• Paracetamol (acetaminophen)^{[note 24]}
• Sumatriptan^{[note 25]}

• Propranolol

• Prednisolone
• Sumatriptan
• Verapamil

• Amoxicillin
• Ampicillin
• Benzylpenicillin
• Cefotaxime^{[note 26]}
• Ceftriaxone^{[note 27][note 28]}
• Chloramphenicol^{[note 29]}
• Gentamicin

Complementary:

• Meropenem^{α[note 30]}

• Aciclovir^{[note 31]}

Complementary:

• Normal immunoglobulin^α

• Neostigmine

Complementary:

• Pyridostigmine^α

• Albendazole
• Ivermectin
• Levamisole
• Mebendazole
• Niclosamide
• Praziquantel
• Pyrantel

• Albendazole
• Diethylcarbamazine
• Ivermectin^{[note 32]}

• Praziquantel^{[note 33]}
• Triclabendazole

Complementary:

• Oxamniquine^{α[note 34]}

Complementary:

• Albendazole^α
• Mebendazole^α
• Praziquantel^α

This group includes antibiotics that have activity against a wide range of commonly encountered susceptible pathogens while also showing lower resistance potential than antibiotics in the other groups.^[20]

• Amikacin
• Amoxicillin
• Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (amoxicillin + clavulanic acid)
• Ampicillin
• Benzathine benzylpenicillin
• Benzylpenicillin
• Cefalexin
• Cefazolin^{[note 35]}
• Chloramphenicol^{[note 36]}
• Clindamycin
• Cloxacillin^{[note 37][note 38]}
• Doxycycline^{[note 39]}
• Gentamicin
• Metronidazole
• Nitrofurantoin
• Phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V)
• Procaine benzylpenicillin^{[note 40]}
• Spectinomycin
• Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim)
• Trimethoprim

This group includes antibiotic classes that have higher resistance potential and includes most of the highest priority agents among the Critically Important Antimicrobials for Human Medicine and/or antibiotics that are at relatively high risk of selection of bacterial resistance.^[20]

• Azithromycin
• Cefixime
• Cefotaxime^{[note 41]}
• Ceftriaxone^{[note 27][note 28]}
• Cefuroxime
• Ciprofloxacin
• Clarithromycin^{[note 42][note 43]}
• Piperacillin/tazobactam (piperacillin + tazobactam)
• Vancomycin^{[note 44]}

Complementary:

• Ceftazidime^α
• Meropenem^{α[note 45][note 30]}
• Vancomycin^α

This group includes antibiotics and antibiotic classes that should be reserved for treatment of confirmed or suspected infections due to multi-drug-resistant organisms.^[20] Complementary:

• Cefiderocol^α
• Ceftazidime/avibactam (ceftazidime + avibactam)^α
• Ceftolozane/tazobactam (ceftolozane + tazobactam)^α
• Colistin^α
• Fosfomycin^α
• Linezolid^{α[note 46]}
• Meropenem/vaborbactam (meropenem + vaborbactam)^α
• Plazomicin^α
• Polymyxin B^α

• Clofazimine
• Dapsone
• Rifampicin

• Amikacin
• Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (amoxicillin + clavulanic acid)^{[note 47]}
• Bedaquiline
• Clofazimine
• Cycloserine^{[note 48]}
• Delamanid
• Ethambutol
• Ethambutol/isoniazid/pyrazinamide/rifampicin (ethambutol + isoniazid + pyrazinamide + rifampicin)
• Ethambutol/isoniazid/rifampicin (ethambutol + isoniazid + rifampicin)
• Ethionamide^{[note 49]}
• Isoniazid
• Isoniazid/pyrazinamide/rifampicin (isoniazid + pyrazinamide + rifampicin)
• Isoniazid/rifampicin (isoniazid + rifampicin)
• Isoniazid/rifapentine (isoniazid + rifapentine)
• Levofloxacin
• Linezolid
• Meropenem^{[note 50]}
• Moxifloxacin
• Moxifloxacin
• P-aminosalicylic acid (p-aminosalicylate sodium)
• Pretomanid
• Pyrazinamide
• Rifabutin
• Rifampicin
• Rifapentine
• Streptomycin

• Amphotericin B
• Clotrimazole
• Fluconazole
• Flucytosine
• Griseofulvin
• Itraconazole^{[note 51]}
• Nystatin
• Voriconazole^{[note 52]}

Complementary:

• Micafungin^{α[note 53]}
• Potassium iodide^α

• Aciclovir^{[note 31]}

• Abacavir
• Lamivudine
• Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate^{[note 54]}
• Zidovudine

• Efavirenz
• Nevirapine^{[note 55]}

• Atazanavir/ritonavir (atazanavir + ritonavir)
• Darunavir^{[note 56]}
• Lopinavir/ritonavir (lopinavir + ritonavir)
• Ritonavir

• Dolutegravir^{[note 57]}
• Raltegravir^{[note 58]}

• Abacavir/dolutegravir/lamivudine (abacavir + dolutegravir + lamivudine)
• Abacavir/lamivudine (abacavir + lamivudine)
• Dolutegravir/lamivudine/tenofovir (dolutegravir + lamivudine + tenofovir)
• Efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir^{[note 59]}
• Efavirenz/lamivudine/tenofovir (efavirenz + lamivudine + tenofovir)
• Emtricitabine/tenofovir (emtricitabine + tenofovir)^{[note 59][note 60]}
• Lamivudine/zidovudine (lamivudine + zidovudine)

• Isoniazid/pyridoxine/sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (isoniazid + pyridoxine + sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim)

• Valganciclovir^{[note 61]}

Complementary:

• Oseltamivir^{α[note 62]}
• Valganciclovir^{α[note 63]}

• Entecavir
• Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate

• Daclatasvir^{[note 64]}
• Daclatasvir/sofosbuvir (daclatasvir + sofosbuvir)
• Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (glecaprevir + pibrentasvir)
• Ravidasvir^{[note 65]}
• Sofosbuvir^{[note 66]}
• Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (sofosbuvir + velpatasvir)

• Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (ledipasvir + sofosbuvir)

• Ribavirin^{[note 67]}

• Diloxanide^{[note 68][note 69]}
• Metronidazole^{[note 70]}

• Amphotericin B^{[note 71]}
• Meglumine antimoniate
• Miltefosine
• Paromomycin
• Sodium stibogluconate

• Artemether^{[note 72]}
• Artemether/lumefantrine (artemether + lumefantrine)
• Artesunate^{[note 72]}
• Artesunate/amodiaquine (artesunate + amodiaquine)
• Artesunate/mefloquine (artesunate + mefloquine)
• Artesunate/pyronaridine tetraphosphate (artesunate + pyronaridine tetraphosphate)
• Artesunate + sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (Co-packaged)
• Chloroquine^{[note 73]}
• Dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine phosphate (dihydroartemisinin + piperaquine phosphate)
• Primaquine^{[note 74]}
• Quinine^{[note 72]}

• Amodiaquine + sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (Co-packaged)
• Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine)

• Chloroquine^{[note 75]}
• Doxycycline^{[note 76]}
• Mefloquine

• Pyrimethamine
• Sulfadiazine
• Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim)

Complementary:

• Pentamidine^α

• Fexinidazole^{[note 77]}

• Pentamidine^{[note 78]}
• Suramin sodium^{[note 79]}

• Eflornithine^{[note 78]}
• Melarsoprol
• Nifurtimox^{[note 80]}

Complementary:

• Melarsoprol^α

• Benznidazole
• Nifurtimox

• Ivermectin

• Ansuvimab
• Atoltivimab/maftivimab/odesivimab (atoltivimab + maftivimab + odesivimab)

No listings in this section.

• Elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (elexacaftor + tezacaftor + ivacaftor)
• Ivacaftor

Complementary:

• Pancreatic enzymes^α

Complementary:

• Adalimumab^{α[note 81]}
• Azathioprine^α
• Ciclosporin^α
• Tacrolimus^α

Complementary:

• Arsenic trioxide^α
• Asparaginase^{α[note 20]}
• Bendamustine^α
• Bleomycin^α
• Calcium folinate (leucovorin calcium)^α
• Capecitabine^α
• Carboplatin^α
• Chlorambucil^α
• Cisplatin^α
• Cyclophosphamide^α
• Cytarabine^α
• Dacarbazine^α
• Dactinomycin^α
• Daunorubicin^α
• Docetaxel^α
• Doxorubicin^α
• Doxorubicin (as pegylated liposomal)^α
• Etoposide^α
• Fludarabine^α
• Fluorouracil^α
• Gemcitabine^α
• Hydroxycarbamide (hydroxyurea)^α
• Ifosfamide^α
• Irinotecan^α
• Melphalan^α
• Mercaptopurine^α
• Methotrexate^α
• Oxaliplatin^α
• Paclitaxel^α
• Pegaspargase^{α[note 20]}
• Procarbazine^α
• Realgar Indigo naturalis formulation^α
• Tioguanine^α
• Vinblastine^α
• Vincristine^α
• Vinorelbine^α

Complementary:

• All-trans retinoic acid (tretinoin) (ATRA)^α
• Bortezomib^α
• Dasatinib^α
• Erlotinib^{α[note 82]}
• Everolimus^α
• Ibrutinib^{α[note 83]}
• Imatinib^α
• Nilotinib^α
• Rituximab^{α[note 20]}
• Trastuzumab^{α[note 20]}

Complementary:

• Blinatumomab^{α[note 20]}
• Filgrastim^{α[note 20]}
• Lenalidomide^α
• Pegfilgrastim^{α[note 20]}
• Pembrolizumab^{α[note 20][note 84]}
• Pembrolizumab^{α[note 85]}
• Pembrolizumab^{α[note 86]}
• Thalidomide^α

Complementary:

• Abiraterone^{α[note 87]}
• Anastrozole^{α[note 88]}
• Bicalutamide^{α[note 89]}
• Dexamethasone^α
• Hydrocortisone^α
• Leuprorelin^{α[note 90]}
• Methylprednisolone^α
• Prednisolone^{α[note 13]}
• Tamoxifen^α

Complementary:

• Allopurinol^α
• Mesna^{α[note 91]}
• Rasburicase^α
• Zoledronic acid^α

• Ready-to-use therapeutic food^{[note 92]}

• Ferrous salt
• Ferrous salt/folic acid (ferrous salt + folic acid)
• Folic acid^{[note 93]}
• Hydroxocobalamin

Complementary:

• Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents^{α[note 94]}

• Dabigatran^{[note 95]}
• Desmopressin
• Emicizumab
• Enoxaparin^{[note 96]}
• Heparin sodium
• Phytomenadione
• Protamine sulfate
• Tranexamic acid
• Warfarin^{[note 97]}

Complementary:

• Heparin sodium^α
• Protamine sulfate^α
• Warfarin^α

• Deferasirox^{[note 98]}
• Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide)

Complementary:

• Deferoxamine^α

• Deferasirox^{[note 98]}

Complementary:

• Deferoxamine^α

• Cryoprecipitate, pathogen-reduced^{[note 99]}
• Fresh frozen plasma
• Platelets
• Red blood cells
• Whole blood

• Anti-D immunoglobulin
• Anti-rabies immunoglobulin
• Anti-tetanus immunoglobulin

Complementary:

• Normal immunoglobulin^α

• Coagulation factor VIII, plasma-derived
• Coagulation factor IX, plasma-derived
• Coagulation factor VIII, recombinant
• Coagulation factor IX, recombinant

• Dextran 70^{[note 100]}

• Bisoprolol^{[note 101]}
• Glyceryl trinitrate
• Isosorbide dinitrate
• Verapamil

• Bisoprolol^{[note 101]}
• Digoxin
• Epinephrine (adrenaline)
• Lidocaine
• Verapamil

Complementary:

• Amiodarone^α

• Amlodipine^{[note 102]}
• Bisoprolol^{[note 103]}
• Enalapril^{[note 104]}
• Hydralazine^{[note 105]}
• Hydrochlorothiazide^{[note 106]}
• Lisinopril/amlodipine (lisinopril + amlodipine)^{[note 107]}
• Lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide (lisinopril + hydrochlorothiazide)^{[note 108]}
• Losartan^{[note 109]}
• Methyldopa^{[note 110]}
• Perindopril/amlodipine/indapamide (perindopril + amlodipine + indapamide)^{[note 111]}
• Telmisartan/amlodipine (telmisartan + amlodipine)^{[note 112]}
• Telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide (telmisartan + hydrochlorothiazide)^{[note 113]}
• Valsartan/amlodipine/hydrochlorothiazide (valsartan + amlodipine + hydrochlorothiazide)^{[note 114]}

Complementary:

• Sodium nitroprusside^α

• Bisoprolol^{[note 101]}
• Digoxin
• Enalapril^{[note 115]}
• Furosemide^{[note 116]}
• Hydrochlorothiazide^{[note 106]}
• Losartan^{[note 109]}
• Spironolactone

Complementary:

• Digoxin^α
• Dopamine^α

• Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)
• Clopidogrel

Complementary:

• Alteplase^α
• Streptokinase^α

• Simvastatin^{[note 117]}

• Acetylsalicylic acid/atorvastatin/ramipril (acetylsalicylic acid + atorvastatin + ramipril)^{[note 118][note 119]}
• Acetylsalicylic acid/simvastatin/ramipril/atenolol/hydrochlorothiazide (acetylsalicylic acid + simvastatin + ramipril + atenolol + hydrochlorothiazide)^{[note 120][note 119][note 121][note 122]}
• Atorvastatin/perindopril/amlodipine (atorvastatin + perindopril + amlodipine)^{[note 118][note 123][note 124]}

• Miconazole^{[note 125]}
• Selenium sulfide
• Sodium thiosulfate
• Terbinafine

• Mupirocin
• Potassium permanganate
• Silver sulfadiazine

• Betamethasone^{[note 126]}
• Calamine
• Hydrocortisone^{[note 127]}

• Benzoyl peroxide
• Calcipotriol^{[note 128]}
• Coal tar
• Fluorouracil
• Podophyllum resin^{[note 129]}
• Salicylic acid
• Urea

Complementary:

• Adalimumab^{α[note 130]}
• Methotrexate^α
• Ustekinumab^{α[note 20]}

• Benzyl benzoate^{[note 131]}
• Permethrin

• Urea
• Glycerol

• Sunscreen, broad-spectrum

• Fluorescein
• Tropicamide^{[note 132]}

• Amidotrizoate
• Barium sulfate
• Iohexol

Complementary:

• Barium sulfate^α
• Meglumine iotroxate^α

• Chlorhexidine
• Ethanol^{[note 133]}
• Povidone iodine^{[note 134]}

• Alcohol based hand rub
• Chlorine base compound
• Chloroxylenol^{[note 135]}
• Glutaral
• Hypochlorous acid

• Amiloride
• Furosemide^{[note 136]}
• Hydrochlorothiazide^{[note 106]}
• Mannitol
• Spironolactone

Complementary:

• Hydrochlorothiazide^{α[note 137]}
• Mannitol^α
• Spironolactone^α

Complementary:

• Pancreatic enzymes^α

• Omeprazole^{[note 138]}
• Ranitidine^{[note 139]}

• Dexamethasone
• Metoclopramide
• Ondansetron^{[note 11]}

Complementary:

• Aprepitant^α

• Sulfasalazine^{[note 140]}

Complementary:

• Hydrocortisone^α
• Prednisolone^α

• Senna^{[note 141]}

• Oral rehydration salts + zinc sulfate (Co-packaged)

• Oral rehydration salts

• Zinc sulfate^{[note 142]}

• Fludrocortisone
• Hydrocortisone
• Prednisolone^{[note 13]}

Complementary:

• Testosterone^α

No listings in this section.

• Medroxyprogesterone acetate^{[note 143]}

• Insulin (analogue, long-acting)^{[note 144]}
• Insulin (analogue, rapid-acting)^{[note 145]}
• Insulin (human, intermediate-acting)^{[note 20]}
• Insulin (human, short-acting)^{[note 20]}

• Empagliflozin^{[note 146]}
• Gliclazide^{[note 147]}
• Metformin
• Semaglutide^{[note 148]}

Complementary:

• Metformin^α

• Glucagon

Complementary:

• Diazoxide^α

• Levothyroxine
• Potassium iodide
• Methimazole^{[note 149]}
• Propylthiouracil^{[note 150]}

Complementary:

• Iodine + potassium iodide (Lugol's solution)^α
• Methimazole^{α[note 149]}
• Potassium iodide^α
• Propylthiouracil^{α[note 151]}

• Cabergoline^{[note 152]}

Complementary:

• Octreotide^α

• Tuberculin, purified protein derivative (PPD)

• Anti-rabies virus monoclonal antibodies^{[note 20]}
• Antivenom immunoglobulin^{[note 153]}
• Diphtheria antitoxin
• Equine rabies immunoglobulin

• BCG vaccine
• Cholera vaccine
• Dengue vaccine
• Diphtheria vaccine
• Ebola vaccine
• Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine
• Hepatitis A vaccine
• Hepatitis B vaccine
• Hepatitis E vaccine
• Human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine
• Influenza vaccine (seasonal)
• Japanese encephalitis vaccine
• Malaria vaccine
• Measles vaccine
• Meningococcal meningitis vaccine
• Mpox vaccine
• Mumps vaccine
• Pertussis vaccine
• Pneumococcal vaccine
• Poliomyelitis vaccine
• Rabies vaccine
• Respiratory syncytial virus vaccine
• Rotavirus vaccine
• Rubella vaccine
• Tetanus vaccine
• Tick-borne encephalitis vaccine
• Typhoid vaccine
• Varicella vaccine
• Yellow fever vaccine

• Atracurium
• Neostigmine
• Suxamethonium
• Vecuronium^{[note 154]}

Complementary:

• Pyridostigmine^α
• Vecuronium^α

• Aciclovir
• Azithromycin
• Erythromycin^{[note 155]}
• Gentamicin^{[note 156]}
• Natamycin
• Ofloxacin^{[note 157]}
• Tetracycline^{[note 158]}

• Prednisolone

• Tetracaine^{[note 159]}

• Acetazolamide
• Latanoprost
• Pilocarpine^{[note 160]}
• Timolol^{[note 161]}

• Atropine^{[note 162]}

Complementary:

• Epinephrine (adrenaline)^α

Complementary:

• Bevacizumab^{α[note 20]}

• Ethinylestradiol/levonorgestrel (ethinylestradiol + levonorgestrel)
• Ethinylestradiol/norethisterone (ethinylestradiol + norethisterone)
• Levonorgestrel
• Ulipristal

• Estradiol cypionate/medroxyprogesterone acetate (estradiol cypionate + medroxyprogesterone acetate)
• Medroxyprogesterone acetate
• Norethisterone enantate

• Copper-containing device
• Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system

• Condoms
• Diaphragms

• Etonogestrel-releasing implant
• Levonorgestrel-releasing implant

• Ethinylestradiol/etonogestrel (ethinylestradiol + etonogestrel)
• Progesterone vaginal ring^{[note 163]}

Complementary:

• Clomifene^α
• Letrozole^{α[note 164]}

• Carbetocin
• Ergometrine^{[note 165]}
• Misoprostol^{[note 166]}
• Oxytocin

• Mifepristone + misoprostol (Co-packaged)
• Misoprostol

• Nifedipine

• Dexamethasone
• Multiple micronutrient supplement
• Tranexamic acid

• Caffeine citrate
• Chlorhexidine

Complementary:

• Alprostadil (prostaglandin E1)^{α[note 167]}
• Beractant^α
• Ibuprofen^{α[note 168]}
• Poractant alfa^α

Complementary:

• Intraperitoneal dialysis solution (of appropriate composition in accordance with local clinical guidelines.)^α

• Fluphenazine^{[note 169]}
• Haloperidol^{[note 170]}
• Olanzapine
• Paliperidone^{[note 171]}
• Risperidone^{[note 172]}

Complementary:

• Clozapine^α

• Amitriptyline
• Fluoxetine^{[note 173]}

• Carbamazepine
• Lithium carbonate
• Quetiapine^{[note 174]}
• Valproic acid (sodium valproate)^{[note 19]}

• Diazepam^{[note 175][note 176]}
• Fluoxetine^{[note 173]}

• Clomipramine
• Fluoxetine^{[note 173]}

• Acamprosate calcium
• Naltrexone

• Bupropion
• Cytisine (cytisinicline)
• Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)
• Varenicline

Complementary:

• Methadone^{α[note 177]}

• Budesonide^{[note 178]}
• Budesonide/formoterol (budesonide + formoterol)^{[note 179]}
• Epinephrine (adrenaline)
• Ipratropium bromide
• Salbutamol^{[note 180]}
• Tiotropium^{[note 181]}

• Oral rehydration salts
• Potassium chloride

• Glucose
• Glucose with sodium chloride
• Potassium chloride
• Sodium chloride
• Sodium hydrogen carbonate
• Sodium lactate, compound solution (Ringer's lactate solution)

• Water for injection

• Ascorbic acid
• Calcium
• Cholecalciferol^{[note 182]}
• Ergocalciferol^{[note 183]}
• Iodine
• Multiple micronutrient powder
• Nicotinamide
• Pyridoxine
• Retinol
• Riboflavin
• Thiamine

Complementary:

• Calcium gluconate^α

• Acetic acid
• Budesonide
• Ciprofloxacin^{[note 184]}
• Xylometazoline

• Allopurinol

• Chloroquine

Complementary:

• Azathioprine^α
• Hydroxychloroquine^α
• Methotrexate^α
• Penicillamine^α
• Sulfasalazine^α

Complementary:

• Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)^{[note 185]}
• Adalimumab^{α[note 81]}
• Methotrexate^α
• Triamcinolone hexacetonide^{α[note 186]}

• Fluoride
• Glass ionomer cement
• Resin-based composite (low-viscosity)^{[note 187]}
• Resin-based composite (high-viscosity)^{[note 188]}
• Silver diamine fluoride

An α indicates the medicine is on the complementary list for which specialized diagnostic or monitoring or training is needed. An item may also be listed as complementary on the basis of higher costs or a less attractive cost-benefit ratio.^[4][14]

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• The selection and use of essential medicines: report of the WHO Expert Committee on Selection and Use of Essential Medicines, 2019 (including the 21st WHO Model List of Essential Medicines and the 7th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children). Geneva: World Health Organization. 2019. hdl:10665/330668. ISBN 978-92-4-121030-0. ISSN 0512-3054. WHO technical report series;1021.
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to World Health Organization essential medicines.

• eEML - Electronic Essential Medicines List