Developed country

A developed country, or advanced country,^[2]^[3] is a country that has a high quality of life, developed economy, and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations. Most commonly, the criteria for evaluating the degree of economic development are the gross domestic product (GDP), gross national product (GNP), the per capita income, level of industrialization, amount of widespread infrastructure and general standard of living.^[4] Which criteria are to be used and which countries can be classified as being developed are subjects of debate. Different definitions of developed countries are provided by the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, the World Bank, the Development Assistance Committee, the International Monetary Fund, the Paris Club, moreover, HDI ranking is used to reflect the composite index of life expectancy, education, and income per capita.

Developed countries have generally more advanced post-industrial economies, meaning the service sector provides more wealth than the industrial sector. They are contrasted with developing countries, which are in the process of industrialisation or are pre-industrial and almost entirely agrarian, some of which might fall into the category of Least Developed Countries. As of 2023^[update], advanced economies constitute 57.3% of global GDP based on nominal values and 41.1% of global GDP based on purchasing-power parity (PPP) according to the IMF.^[5]

Definition and criteria

Economic criteria have tended to dominate discussions. One such criterion is the income per capita; countries with the high gross domestic product (GDP) per capita would thus be described as developed countries. Another economic criterion is industrialisation; countries in which the tertiary and quaternary sectors of industry dominate would thus be described as developed. More recently, another measure, the Human Development Index (HDI), which combines an economic measure, national income, with other measures, indices for life expectancy and education has become prominent. This criterion would define developed countries as those with a very high (HDI) rating. The index, however, does not take into account several factors, such as the net wealth per capita or the relative quality of goods in a country. This situation tends to lower the ranking of some of the most advanced countries, such as the G7 members and others.^[6]^[7]

According to the United Nations Statistics Division:

There is no established convention for the designation of "developed" and "developing" countries or areas in the United Nations system.^[8]

And it notes that:

The designations "developed" and "developing" are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgement about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process.^[9]

Nevertheless, the UN Trade and Development considers that this categorization can continue to be applied:

The developed economies broadly comprise Northern America and Europe, Israel, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Australia, and New Zealand.^[10]

Similar terms

Terms linked to the concept developed country include "advanced country", "industrialized country", "more developed country" (MDC), "more economically developed country" (MEDC), "Global North country", "first world country", and "post-industrial country". The term industrialized country may be somewhat ambiguous, as industrialisation is an ongoing process that is hard to define. The first industrialized country was the United Kingdom, followed by Belgium. Later it spread further to Germany, United States, France and other Western European countries. According to some economists such as Jeffrey Sachs, however, the current divide between the developed and developing world is largely a phenomenon of the 20th century.^[11]

Mathis Wackernagel calls the binary labeling of countries as "neither descriptive nor explanatory. It is merely a thoughtless and destructive endorsement of GDP fetish. In reality, there are not two types of countries, but over 200 countries, all faced with the same laws of nature, yet each with unique features."^[12]

A 2021 analysis proposes the term emerged to describe markets, economies, or countries that have graduated from emerging market status, but have not yet reached the level equivalent to developed countries.^[13] Multinational corporations from these emerging markets present unique patterns of overseas expansion and knowledge acquisition from foreign countries.

Economy lists by various criteria

Human Development Index (HDI)

The UN HDI is a statistical measure that gauges an economy's level of human development. While there is a strong correlation between having a high HDI score and being a prosperous economy, the UN points out that the HDI accounts for more than income or productivity. Unlike GDP per capita or per capita income, the HDI takes into account how income is turned "into education and health opportunities and therefore into higher levels of human development."

Since 1990, Norway (2001–2006, 2009–2019), Japan (1990–1991 and 1993), Canada (1992 and 1994–2000) and Iceland (2007–2008) have had the highest HDI score.

The following countries in the year 2023 are considered to be of "very high human development":^[14]

Human Development Index by country
Rank	Δ	Country or territory	HDI value	% annual growth (2010–2023)
1	2	Iceland	0.972	0.28%
2	(1)	Norway	0.970	0.25%
2		Switzerland	0.970	0.24%
4	(2)	Denmark	0.962	0.35%
5	(1)	Germany	0.959	0.19%
5		Sweden	0.959	0.38%
7	(1)	Australia	0.958	0.20%
8	(2)	Netherlands	0.955	0.26%
8	(1)	Hong Kong	0.955	0.38%
10	(3)	Belgium	0.951	0.26%
11	(4)	Ireland	0.949	0.38%
12	(4)	Finland	0.948	0.27%
13	(2)	Singapore	0.946	0.25%
13	(2)	United Kingdom	0.946	0.24%
15	(27)	United Arab Emirates	0.940	1.04%
16	(2)	Canada	0.939	0.22%
17	(1)	Liechtenstein	0.938	0.23%
	(5)	New Zealand		0.13%
		United States		0.10%
20	(1)	South Korea	0.937	0.36%
21	(2)	Slovenia	0.931	0.33%
22	(3)	Austria	0.930	0.21%
23	(3)	Japan	0.925	0.16%
24	(5)	Malta	0.924	0.50%
25	(3)	Luxembourg	0.922	0.14%
26	(1)	France	0.920	0.28%
27	(3)	Israel	0.919	0.26%
28		Spain	0.918	0.40%
29	(3)	Czech Republic	0.915	0.22%
	(1)	Italy		0.24%
	(2)	San Marino		0.32%
32	(3)	Cyprus	0.913	0.45%
32	(1)	Andorra	0.913	0.20%
34	(3)	Greece	0.908	0.18%
35	(1)	Poland	0.906	0.35%
36	(5)	Estonia	0.905	0.33%
37	(9)	Saudi Arabia	0.900	0.70%
38	(1)	Bahrain	0.899	0.80%
39	(4)	Lithuania	0.895	0.32%
40	(2)	Portugal	0.890	0.42%
41	(4)	Latvia	0.889	0.51%
41	(1)	Croatia	0.889	0.53%
43	(4)	Qatar	0.886	0.45%
44	(6)	Slovakia	0.880	0.14%
45	(1)	Chile	0.878	0.47%
46	(1)	Hungary	0.870	0.22%
47	(7)	Argentina	0.865	0.15%
48		Montenegro	0.862	0.38%
48	(13)	Uruguay	0.862	0.47%
50	(1)	Oman	0.858	0.22%
51	(7)	Turkey	0.853	1.10%
52	(1)	Kuwait	0.852	0.36%
53	(5)	Antigua and Barbuda	0.851	0.18%
54	(5)	Seychelles	0.848	0.30%
55	(1)	Bulgaria	0.845	0.09%
55	(2)	Romania	0.845	0.14%
57	(6)	Georgia	0.844	0.54%
58	(4)	Saint Kitts and Nevis	0.840	0.49%
59	(6)	Panama	0.839	0.47%
60	(12)	Brunei	0.837	0.13%
60	(1)	Kazakhstan	0.837	0.38%
62	(3)	Costa Rica	0.833	0.39%
62	(5)	Serbia	0.833	0.39%
64	(12)	Russia	0.832	0.25%
65	(10)	Belarus	0.824	0.12%
66	(3)	Bahamas	0.820	0.21%
67	(2)	Malaysia	0.819	0.41%
68	(4)	North Macedonia	0.815	0.21%
69	(9)	Barbados	0.811	0.18%
69		Armenia	0.811	0.52%
71		Albania	0.810	0.25%
72	(10)	Trinidad and Tobago	0.807	0.30%
73		Mauritius	0.806	0.44%
74	(7)	Bosnia and Herzegovina	0.804	0.68%

WESP developed economies

According to the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs World Economic Situation and Prospects report, the following 37 countries are classified as "developed economies" as of January 2026:^[15]

31 countries in Europe:

two countries in North America:

four countries in Asia and the Pacific:

World Bank high-income economies

According to the World Bank, the following sovereign states and territories across are classified as high-income economies, having a nominal GNI per capita in excess of $13,935. as of the 2025 fiscal year:^[16]

Non-sovereign Territories are denoted by an asterisk (*).

Development Assistance Committee members

There are 32 OECD member countries and the European Union—in the Development Assistance Committee (DAC),^[17] a group of the world's major donor countries that discusses issues surrounding development aid and poverty reduction in developing countries.^[18] The following OECD member countries are DAC members:

26 countries in Europe:

two countries in the Americas:

two countries in Asia:

two countries in Oceania:

IMF advanced economies

According to the International Monetary Fund, 41 countries and territories are officially listed as "advanced economies",^[20]^[21] with the addition of 7 microstates and dependencies modified by the CIA which were omitted from the IMF version:^[22]

29 countries and dependencies in Europe classified by the IMF, 6 others given by the CIA:

Plus^d

seven countries and territories in Asia:

three countries and territories in the Americas classified by the IMF, one territory given by the CIA :

two countries in Oceania:

^d The CIA has modified an older version of the IMF's list of 38 Advanced Economies, noting that the IMF's Advanced Economies list "would presumably also cover the following nine smaller countries of Andorra, Bermuda, Faroe Islands, Guernsey, Holy See, Jersey, Liechtenstein, Monaco, and San Marino[...]". San Marino (2012) and Andorra (2021) were later included in the IMF's list.^[22]

Paris Club members

There are 22 permanent members in the Paris Club (French: Club de Paris), a group of officials from major creditor countries whose role is to find coordinated and sustainable solutions to the payment difficulties experienced by debtor countries.

15 countries in Europe:

three countries in the Americas:

three countries in Asia:

one country in Oceania:

Australia

UNIDO high-income industrial economies

According to the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) Industrial Development Report 2026 report^[23], 48 countries and territories are categorized as "high-income industrial economies". This classification is assigned to economies that have achieved a high national income through a development path resulting in high levels of industrialization. UNIDO determines this status by evaluating three core dimensions of the manufacturing sector: value added (manufacturing value added per capita), historical employment share, and the quality of exports (average exports of medium- and high-technology products).^[24]

34 countries and territories in Europe:

Six countries and territories in Asia:

Three countries and territories in North America:

Three countries in Oceania:

Two countries in South America:

Comparative table (2025)

Comparative table of countries with a "very high" human development (0.800 or higher), according to UNDP; "developed" economies, according to the World Economic Situation and Prospects report by UNDESA; "high-income" economies, according to the World Bank; DAC members; "advanced" economies, according to the IMF; Paris Club members. In bracket year of joining.

Country	HDI^[25]	WESP	WB^[26]	DAC	IMF^[27]	Paris Club	HIIEs^[24]
Albania	Y (2025)	N	N	N	N	N	N
Andorra	Y (2003)	N	Y (1990)	N	Y (2020)	N	N
Antigua and Barbuda	Y (2007)	N	Y (2012)	N	N	N	N
Argentina	Y (2006)	N	N	N	N	N	N
Armenia	Y (2025)	N	N	N	N	N	N
Australia	Y (1990)	Y (19??)	Y (1987)	Y (1966)	Y (19??)	Y (????)	Y (????)
Austria	Y (1992)	Y (19??)	Y (1987)	Y (1965)	Y (19??)	Y (????)	Y (????)
Bahamas	Y (2016)	N	Y (1987)	N	N	N	N
Bahrain	Y (2012)	N	Y (2001)	N	N	N	Y (????)
Barbados	Y (2016)	N	Y (2006)	N	N	N	N
Belarus	Y (2012)	N	N	N	N	N	N (????)
Belgium	Y (1990)	Y (19??)	Y (1987)	Y (1961)	Y (19??)	Y (????)	Y (????)
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Y (2025)	N	N	N	N	N	N
Brazil	N	N	N	N	N	Y (2017)	N
Brunei	Y (1999)	N	Y (1990)	N	N	N	N
Bulgaria	Y (2021)	Y (2007)	Y (2023)	N	N	N	Y (2025)
Canada	Y (1990)	Y (19??)	Y (1987)	Y (1961)	Y (19??)	Y (????)	Y (????)
Chile	Y (2007)	N	Y (2012)	N	N	N	Y (2025)
Costa Rica	Y (2019)	N	Y (2024)	N	N	N	N
Croatia	Y (2007)	Y (2013)	Y (2017)	N	Y (2023)	N	Y (????)
Cyprus	Y (2001)	Y (2004)	Y (1988)	N	Y (2001)	N	Y (????)
Czech Republic	Y (2001)	Y (2004)	Y (2006)	Y (2013)	Y (2009)	N	Y (????)
Denmark	Y (1991)	Y (19??)	Y (1987)	Y (1963)	Y (19??)	Y (????)	Y (2025)
Estonia	Y (2003)	Y (2004)	Y (2006)	Y (2023)	Y (2011)	N	Y (????)
Finland	Y (1994)	Y (19??)	Y (1987)	Y (1975)	Y (19??)	Y (????)	Y (????)
France	Y (1993)	Y (19??)	Y (1987)	Y (1961)	Y (19??)	Y (????)	Y (????)
Georgia	Y (2019)	N	N	N	N	N	N
Germany	Y (1990)	Y (19??)	Y (1987)	Y (1961)	Y (19??)	Y (????)	Y (????)
Greece	Y (2001)	Y (19??)	Y (1996)	Y (1999)	Y (1989)^[28]	N	Y (2025)
Guyana	N	N	Y (2022)	N	N	N	N
Hong Kong	Y (????)	N	Y (????)	N	Y (????)	N	N
Hungary	Y (2005)	Y (2004)	Y (2014)	Y (2016)	N	N	Y (????)
Iceland	Y (1990)	Y (19??)	Y (1987)	Y (2013)	Y (19??)	N	Y (2025)
Ireland	Y (1996)	Y (19??)	Y (1987)	Y (1985)	Y (19??)	Y (????)	Y (????)
Israel	Y (1991)	N	Y (1987)	N	Y (1997)^[29]	Y (2014)	Y (????)
Italy	Y (1995)	Y (19??)	Y (1987)	Y (1961)	Y (19??)	Y (????)	Y (????)
Japan	Y (1990)	Y (19??)	Y (1987)	Y (1961)	Y (19??)	Y (????)	Y (????)
Kazakhstan	Y (2015)	N	N	N	N	N	N
Kuwait	Y (2014)	N	Y (1987)	N	N	N	N
Latvia	Y (2005)	Y (2004)	Y (2012)	Y (2025)	Y (2014)	N	Y (????)
Liechtenstein	Y (2000)	N	Y (1990)	N	Y (2008)	N	Y (????)
Lithuania	Y (2005)	Y (2004)	Y (2012)	Y (2022)	Y (2015)	N	Y (????)
Luxembourg	Y (1992)	Y (19??)	Y (1987)	Y (1992)	Y (19??)	N	Y (????)
Malaysia	Y (2016)	N	N	N	N	N	N
Malta	Y (2003)	Y (19??)	Y (2002)	N	Y (2008)	N	Y (????)
Mauritius	Y (2025)	N	N	N	N	N	N
Monaco	Y (1990)^[30]	N	Y (1990)	N	Y (2008)	N	N
Montenegro	Y (2013)	N	N	N	N	N	N
Nauru	N	N	Y (2019)	N	N	N	Y (????)
Netherlands	Y (1990)	Y (19??)	Y (1987)	Y (1961)	Y (19??)	Y (????)	Y (????)
New Zealand	Y (1990)	Y (19??)	Y (1987)	Y (1973)	Y (19??)	N	Y (????)
North Macedonia	Y (2025)	N	N	N	N	N	N
Norway	Y (1990)	Y (19??)	Y (1987)	Y (1962)	Y (19??)	Y (????)	Y (2025)
Oman	Y (2012)	N	Y (2007)	N	N	N	N
Palau	N	N	Y (2023)	N	N	N	N
Panama	Y (2019)	N	Y (2021)	N	N	N	N
Poland	Y (2003)	Y (2004)	Y (2009)	Y (2013)	N	N	Y (2020)
Portugal	Y (2005)	Y (19??)	Y (1994)	Y (1991)	Y (1989)^[28]	N	Y (2025)
Qatar	Y (1996)	N	Y (1987)	N	N	N	N
Romania	Y (2013)	Y (2007)	Y (2021)	Y (2025)	N	N	Y (2024)
Russia	Y (2013)	N	Y (2023)	N	N	Y (????)	Y (2025)
Saint Kitts and Nevis	Y (2011)	N	Y (2012)	N	N	N	N
San Marino	Y (2021)	N	Y (2000)	N	Y (2012)	N	Y (????)
Saudi Arabia	Y (2010)	N	Y (2004)	N	N	N	N
Serbia	Y (2019)	N	N	N	N	N	N
Seychelles	Y (2022)	N	Y (2014)	N	N	N	N
Singapore	Y (1999)	N	Y (1987)	N	Y (1997)^[29]	N	Y (????)
Slovakia	Y (2006)	Y (2004)	Y (2007)	Y (2013)	Y (2009)	N	Y (????)
Slovenia	Y (1998)	Y (2004)	Y (1997)	Y (2013)	Y (2007)	N	Y (????)
South Korea	Y (1999)	Y (2024)	Y (2001)	Y (2009)	Y (1997)^[29]	Y (2016)	Y (????)
Spain	Y (1995)	Y (19??)	Y (1987)	Y (1991)	Y (19??)	Y (????)	Y (????)
Sweden	Y (1990)	Y (19??)	Y (1987)	Y (1965)	Y (19??)	Y (????)	Y (????)
Switzerland	Y (1990)	Y (19??)	Y (1987)	Y (1968)	Y (19??)	Y (????)	Y (????)
Taiwan	Y (N/A)^{[Note 1]}	N	Y (1987)	N	Y (1997)^[29]	N	Y (????)
Trinidad and Tobago	Y (2021)	N	Y (2006)	N	N	N	N
Turkey	Y (2015)	N	N	N	N	N	N
United Arab Emirates	Y (2004)	N	Y (1987)	N	N	N	N
United Kingdom	Y (1992)	Y (19??)	Y (1987)	Y (1961)	Y (19??)	Y (????)	Y (????)
United States	Y (1990)	Y (19??)	Y (1987)	Y (1961)	Y (19??)	Y (????)	Y (????)
Uruguay	Y (2014)	N	Y (2012)	N	N	N	Y (????)

Notes

^ The HDI annual report compiled by the UNDP does not include Taiwan because it is no longer a UN member state, and is neither included as part of the People's Republic of China by the UNDP when calculating data for China.^[31] Taiwan's Statistical Bureau calculated its HDI to be 0.926 based on UNDP's 2010 methodology,^[32]^[33] which would place Taiwan well within the group of "Very high human development" at 19th globally in 2021 within the 2022 UNDP report.^[34]^[35]

References

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External links

Quotations related to Developed country at Wikiquote
IMF (advanced economies)
The World Factbook Archived 9 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine (developed countries)
United Nations Statistics Division (definition)
List of countries, United Nations Statistics Division (developed regions)
World Bank (high-income economies)

[36] The HDI annual report compiled by the UNDP does not include Taiwan because it is no longer a UN member state, and is neither included as part of the People's Republic of China by the UNDP when calculating data for China.^[31] Taiwan's Statistical Bureau calculated its HDI to be 0.926 based on UNDP's 2010 methodology,^[32]^[33] which would place Taiwan well within the group of "Very high human development" at 19th globally in 2021 within the 2022 UNDP report.^[34]^[35]

[1] "INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2026" (PDF). unido.org. Retrieved 2 March 2026.

[adv1-2] "Fiscal Policy and Inclusive Growth in Advanced Countries: Their Experience and Implications for Asia" (PDF). adb.org. Asian Development Bank. December 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 July 2021. Retrieved 8 July 2021.

[adv2-3] "Advanced Countries Will Benefit Most from Progress in Technology, with Lesser Benefits to Other Nations". rand.org. RAND Corporation. 1 June 2006. Archived from the original on 21 August 2021. Retrieved 8 July 2021.

[4] Developed Economy Definition Archived 22 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Investopedia (16 April 2010). Retrieved 12 July 2013.

[:5-5] International Monetary Fund. "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2023". International Monetary Fund. Archived from the original on 13 April 2023. Retrieved 30 April 2023.

[6] The Courier. Commission of the European Communities. 1994. Archived from the original on 15 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021.

[7] "Human development index". Economics Help. Archived from the original on 17 December 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2018.

[unstated.un.org-8] "Millennium Development Indicators: World and regional groupings". United Nations Statistics Division. 2003. Note b. Archived from the original on 10 February 2005. Retrieved 13 May 2017.

[unstats.un.org-9] "Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications (M49): Developed Regions". United Nations Statistics Division. Archived from the original on 11 July 2017. Retrieved 13 May 2017.

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v t e Lists of countries by GDP rankings
Nominal	GDP (nominal) Past and projected Sector composition
Purchasing power parity (PPP)	GDP (PPP) Past Past and projected Ten largest historically
Per capita	nominal GDP Past and projected GDP (PPP) by region past and projected Per person employed Household final consumption expenditure
Economic growth	real GDP growth rate African countries Asian states European Union member states European countries Latin American and Caribbean countries Oceanian countries Per capita growth 1980–2010 growth Industrial growth
Productivity	Labour productivity
Gross national income (GNI)	PPP per capita Nominal per capita Real income Per capita growth Disposable income
Countries by region	Africa PPP nominal Arab League nominal and per capita PPP and per capita Asia ASEAN Asia & Pacific nominal PPP Former Soviet Republics Europe PPP PPP per capita nominal nominal per capita Commonwealth of Nations PPP nominal Latin America & Caribbean PPP nominal North America PPP nominal nominal per capita South America PPP Oceania GDP
Subnational divisions	Albania Argentina Armenia ASEAN Australia cities Austria Baltic States Belarus Belgium Brazil Bulgaria Canada cities Chile China per capita cities prefectures Colombia Croatia Czech Republic Egypt European Union metro Finland France per capita Georgia Germany per capita cities Greece Hungary India PPP per capita Indonesia per capita cities regencies Italy per capita Japan per capita Kazakhstan Kenya Malaysia Mexico per capita Moldova Mongolia Netherlands Nigeria Nepal New Zealand Norway OECD Pakistan Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Romania Russia per capita Saudi Arabia Serbia Slovakia South Africa South Korea cities Spain Sweden Switzerland Ukraine United Kingdom counties cities United States counties cities Taiwan Tanzania Thailand Turkey Vietnam Top country subdivisions by GDP Top country subdivisions by GDP per capita *Top country metropolitan by GDP
Lists of countries by financial rankings List of international rankings Lists by country

v t e Lists of countries by quality of life rankings
General	Life expectancy Africa Asia Europe North America Oceania South America World Happiness Report Happy Planet Index Human Capital Index Human Development Index by country inequality-adjusted planetary pressures–adjusted Legatum Prosperity Index Good Country Index Satisfaction with Life Index Where-to-be-born Index
Economic	Net take-home pay Long-term unemployment rate Home ownership rate Median wage Smartphone ownership rate
Environment	Greenhouse gas emissions per capita Dashboard of sustainability Environmental Performance Index Environmental Vulnerability Index Natural disaster risk Sustainable Society Index
Health	Air pollution Antidepressant use Cancer rate Child Development Index Clean water access Global Health Security Index Global Hunger Index Health insurance coverage Hospital beds Murder rate Number of physicians Risk of death from non-communicable disease Suicide rate Teenage pregnancy rate
Social/political	Corruption Perceptions Index Democracy indices Fragile States Index Gender Development Index Guaranteed minimum income Government transparency Global Slavery Index Global Terrorism Index Global Competitiveness Index Multidimensional Poverty Index Political terror scale Press Freedom Index Social Progress Index Time devoted to leisure and personal care Wealth equality Worldwide Governance Indicators
List of international rankings Lists by country

Authority control databases
International	VIAF GND
National	United States France BnF data Czech Republic Israel
Other	Yale LUX

Page version status

Definition and criteria

Similar terms

Economy lists by various criteria

Human Development Index (HDI)

WESP developed economies

World Bank high-income economies

Development Assistance Committee members

IMF advanced economies

Paris Club members

UNIDO high-income industrial economies

Comparative table (2025)

See also

Notes

References

External links

Epstein Files Full PDF

Definition and criteria

Similar terms

Economy lists by various criteria

Human Development Index (HDI)

WESP developed economies

World Bank high-income economies

Development Assistance Committee members

IMF advanced economies

Paris Club members

UNIDO high-income industrial economies

Comparative table (2025)

See also

Notes

References

External links