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  2. World Encyclopedia
  3. Lezgic languages - Wikipedia
Lezgic languages - Wikipedia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Samur languages)
Lezgic
Geographic
distribution		 Dagestan
 Azerbaijan
Linguistic classificationNortheast Caucasian
  • Lezgic
Proto-languageProto-Lezgic language
Subdivisions
Language codes
Glottologlezg1248
  Lezgic

The Lezgic languages are one of seven branches of the Northeast Caucasian language family, spoken primarily by the Lezgin ethnic groups.

Lezgin languages are spoken by some 1 million people.

Classification

Lezgin, Aghul, Rutul, Tabasaran, Tsakhur and Udi are literary languages. Khinalug may either be Lezgic or an independent branch of the Northeast Caucasian family.

The voicing of ejective consonants

The Lezgic languages are relevant to the glottalic theory of Indo-European, because several have undergone the voicing of ejectives that have been postulated but widely derided as improbable in that family. The correspondences have not been well worked out (Rutul is inconsistent in the examples), but a few examples are:

  • Non-Lezgic: Avar tstsʼar; Lezgic: Rutul dur, Tsakhur do 'name'
  • Non-Lezgic: Archi motʃʼor, Lak tʃʼiri; Lezgic: Rutul mitʃʼri, Tabassaran midʒir, Aɡul mudʒur 'beard'
  • Non-Lezgic: Avar motsʼ; Lezgic: Tabassaran vaz 'moon'

A similar change has taken place in non-initial position in the Nakh languages.[5]

Vocabulary comparison

The following is a brief comparison of cognates among the basic vocabulary across the Lezgin language branch[6].

Lezgin Agul Tabasaran Rutul Tsakhur
head ḱil (кIил) ḱil (кIил) ḱul (кIул) ḱul (кIул) kalle (калле)
jacket valçağ (валчагъ) valçag (валчаг) valjağ (валжагъ) valçağ (валчагъ) valçağ (валчаг)
summit ḱuḱ (кIукI) ḱuḱ (кIукI) ḱaḱ (кIакI) ḱul (кIул) ḱol (кIол)
montain suv (сув) suv (сув) siv (сив) siv (сив) suva (сува)
girl ruş (руш) ruş (руш) riş (риш) reş (реш) nım (ным)
bridegroom ččam (ччам) čam (чам) jam (жам) jam (жам) čama (чама)
dwelling ḱwal (кIвал) xal (хал) xal (хал) xal (хал) xav (хав)
land ččil (ччил) čil (чил) jil (жил) naḉ (начь) jdil (ждил)
winter q́üd (кьуьд) ğurd (гIурд) qürd (къюрд) q́üd (кьуьд) q́udum (кьудум)
goat c̣eh (цIегь) c̣eh (цIегь) c̣ih (цIигь) c̣i (цIи) c̣e (цIеь)
ice murk (мурк) murk (мурк) mirkḱ (миркк) meḱ (мекI) muk (мук)
shovel qusu (къусу) ḱiṭa (кIитIа) q́ursi (кьурси) ber (бер) bel (бел)
mill reh (регь) rax̣ (рахъ) rağmi (рагъIми) räh (рэх) yoha (йоха)
meat yak (як) yaḱ (йакI) yikk (иикк) yak (йак) çuru (чуру)
bride swas (свас) sus (сус) şwuşw (швушв) swas (свас) istax (истах)
horn karç (карч) ḱarç (кIарч) ḱarç (кIарч) kaç (кач) ğaç (гъач)
fire c̣ay (цIай) c̣ay (цIай) c̣a (цIа) c̣ay (цIай) c̣a (цIа)
eagle leḳ (лекь) luḱ (лукI) lüḱ (люкь) leg (лег) ḱatir (кьатир)
language mez (мез) mez (мез) mez (мез) miz (миз) miz (миз)


See also

References

  1. ^ a b 7. НАСЕЛЕНИЕ НАИБОЛЕЕ МНОГОЧИСЛЕННЫХ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОСТЕЙ ПО РОДНОМУ ЯЗЫКУ
  2. ^ a b Languages in the Caucasus, by Wolfgang Schulze (2009) Archived 2011-06-10 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ "Enthnologue report for Lezgi". Ethnologue.com. 1999-02-19. Retrieved 2013-12-15.
  4. ^ "Владение языками и использование языков населением Российской Федерации согласно переписи населения 2021 года". Archived from the original on 2023-03-26. Retrieved 2023-01-26.
  5. ^ Paul Fallon, 2002. The synchronic and diachronic phonology of ejectives, p 245.
  6. ^ Ikhilov, Mikhail. "НАРОДНОСТИ ЛЕЗГИНСКОЙ ГРУППЫ" (PDF).
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