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Sind State ایالت سند (Persian) سنڌ رياست (Sindhi)
1737–1843
Left: Black Standard of the Kalhora dynasty Right: Belochee Standard captured at Miani (1843)
Motto:  مبارک باشد (Persian) "May it flourish"
Sind under the Kalhora dynasty, c. 1750 Sind under the Talpur dynasty, c. 1823
Status	Vassal state of the Mughal, Persian and Afghan empires (1737–1809) Princely state under British protection (1809–1843)
Capital	Khudabad (1737–1740; 1755–1768) Muhammadabad (1740–1755) Hyderabad[a] (1768–1843)
Common languages	Persian (official) Sindhi (regional and dynastic) Sindhi (dynastic) Saraiki (northern frontier) Rajasthani (eastern frontier)
Ethnic groups	Sindhi (majority) Baloch (dynastic) Saraiki (northern frontier) Rajasthani (eastern frontier)[1]
Religion	Sunni Islam (official from 1737 to 1783), Shia Islam (official from 1783 to 1843), Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Christianity
Demonym	Sindhi
Government	Unitary constituent monarchy (1737–1783) Federal constituent monarchy (1783–1843)
Nawab (1737–1783)
• 1737–1755	Noor Mohammad Kalhoro (first)
• 1782–1783	Abdul Nabi Kalhoro (last)
Mir (1783–1843)
• 1783–1801	Fateh Ali Talpur (first)
• 1839–1843	Nasir Khan Talpur (last)
Historical era	Early modern Modern
• Established	1737
• Independence from Mughal Empire	1737
• Third Battle of Panipat	14 January 1761
• Transfer of power from Kalhoras to Talpurs	1783
• Alliance with the East India Company	1809
• Battle of Miani	17 February 1843
• Battle of Hyderabad	24 March 1843
Area
1801	45,000 km2 (17,000 sq mi)
Population
• 1801	1,100,000
Currency	Rupee
Preceded by Succeeded by 1737: Mughal Sindh 1740: Khanate of Kalat Bahawalpur State Sind Division Khairpur State
Today part of	Pakistan Sindh Balochistan Punjab India Rajasthan Gujarat

The Sind State (1737–1843), also referred to as Scinde or Sindh, was a petty kingdom and later a princely state in the Sindh region of the Indian subcontinent. Sindh seceded from the Mughal Empire in 1737 and was annexed by the East India Company in 1843. The name Sind (/sɪŋd/), now obsolete, was once the anglicised name of the state, which was also adopted by the British to refer to its division.

After the Mughal conquest of Sindh, the area was ruled from 1593 to 1629 by a Faujdar (under the Mughals, an executive head of a sarkar), who was directly appointed by the Mughal Emperor from Delhi despite Thatta being a Sarkar (Division) of the Multan Subah. The Sarkar was predominantly (but not entirely) influenced by the Tarkhan dynasty with Jani Beg, Ghazi Beg and Isa Khan II serving as Faujdar of Thatta. In 1693, Thatta Sarkar became part of a new province called Thatta Subah. It comprised three administrative divisions: Bukkur Sarkar, Sehwan Sarkar, and Thatta Sarkar. Thatta Subah itself held limited political importance. Later, the Kalhora clan rose to power, and Thatta Subah became independent under the Kalhora dynasty. Sind, along with Hyderabad and Awadh, supported the Mughal Empire during Nader Shah's invasion but was subdued by him in his Sindh expedition with Sibi given to Kalat and Shikarpur granted to Bahawalpur. These areas were recaptured by Noor Mohammad shortly after Nader Shah's departure. During Ahmad Shah's invasion, Sind became a tributary state of the Afghan Empire and also reached its greatest glory under Ghulam Shah Kalhoro who not only defeated the Khan of Kalat Nasir Khan I Ahmadzai and Rao of Kutch Godji II but also formed a marital alliance with Nawab of Bahawalpur Mubarak Khan II Daudpotra. Ghulam Shah also took part in the Third Battle of Panipat alongside Ahmad Shah Durrani against the Maratha Confederacy. Tensions arose between Ghulam Shah and Ahmad Shah who wanted to appoint Muhammad Atur Kalhoro to the throne of Sind. Bahadur Khan was sent by Ahmad Shah but was defeated by Ghulam Shah in the Battle of Ubauro. In 1768, Ghulam Shah shifted his capital from Khudabad to the newly built city of Hyderabad which was built on the ruins of an ancient city Neroon Kot by constructing the Pacco Qillo. After the untimely death of Ghulam Shah in 1772, four Kalhora Nawabs were successively enthroned in just 11 years while two battles were fought: the First Battle of Shikarpur in 1781 and the Battle of Larkana in 1782, to decide the fate of Sind.

In 1783, the Talpur Mirs, who long served the Kalhoras as their prime ministers, revolted under Fateh Ali Talpur and replaced the last Kalhora Nawab, Abdul Nabi Kalhoro, in the Battle of Halani. Fateh Ali expanded his domain by reclaiming Karachi that the Kalhoras had lost to Kalat. He also defended his territories during the Shikarpur campaign in which the Talpurs had to face the allied armies of the Afghans, the Khan of Kalat and remnants of the Kalhora dynasty. Under the hegemony of the Talpurs, Sind was divided into three fiefdoms: Hyderabad under the Shahdadani branch, Mirpur Khas under the Manikani branch and Khairpur under the Sohrabani branch, forming a federation and later a confederacy. Sind gradually became a princely state to come under British paramountcy signing a subsidiary alliance agreement in 1809. After the Anglo–Sind War, Sind, except from Khairpur, was annexed by the East India Company and was made a part of the Bombay Presidency. The Mir of Hyderabad, Nasir Khan Talpur, and the Mir of Mirpur Khas, Sher Muhammad Talpur, were defeated in the Battle of Miani (17 February 1843) and the Battle of Hyderabad (24 March 1843) respectively while the Mir of Khairpur, Ali Murad Talpur, continued to resist the British but eventually gave up attempts and entered into treaty with them with Khairpur becoming a princely state in 1853.

• Thatta subah
• Sindhu Kingdom