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Target rat - Wikipedia

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Target rat
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)^[1]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Rodentia
Family:	Muridae
Subfamily:	Murinae
Tribe:	Arvicanthini
Genus:	Stochomys Thomas, 1926
Species:	S. longicaudatus
Binomial name
*Stochomys longicaudatus* (Tullberg, 1893)
Synonyms
Mus sebastianus Trouessart, 1897

The target rat (Stochomys longicaudatus) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is the only species in the genus Stochomys. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

Description

The target rat is a moderately sized rat-like rodent, with a head-body length of 13 to 17 centimetres (5.1 to 6.7 in) and weighing around 90 grams (3.2 oz). The fur is dark reddish-brown over the back, becoming greyish on the flanks, and fading to pale grey on the underparts. The sparsely bristled tail is much longer than the body, being typically 18 to 22 centimetres (7.1 to 8.7 in) in length. Females have six teats.^[2]^[3] It is so named because it has a number of long dark bristles projecting from its rump which resemble the shafts of arrows in a target. The synonym Mus sebastianus also refers to this, Saint Sebastian being an early Christian martyr said to have been tied to a tree and shot with arrows.

Distribution and habitat

The target rat is native to humid rainforests in tropical western Central Africa at elevations from sea level to 1,000 metres (3,300 ft). Its range extends from Togo through Benin and Nigeria to the Congo Basin and eastwards to western Uganda.^[1] It occurs in swampy areas of forests and in gallery forests and beside streams. It has also been observed in secondary forests around villages and in banana plantations.^[3]

Two subspecies are currently recognised:^[2]

Stochomys longicaudatus longicaudatus (Tullberg 1893) - Togo to the Republic of the Congo
Stochomys longicaudatus ituricus (Thomas, 1915) - the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, western Uganda

Biology and behaviour

The target rat is largely nocturnal and feeds on the ground on green vegetable material and fallen fruit, supplementing these with some insects. In addition to moving along the ground, it often climbs into the rainforest understory, although not high into trees. It has been reported to construct spherical nests of shredded grass.^[2] Little is known of the social organisation of this species but in Cameroon a group of thirteen was caught at one location in an oil palm plantation.^[3] Breeding takes place throughout the year, but may be more common between February and May and between September and December. Litters range from one to four young.^[2]

Status

The target rat has a wide range and is a common species. It is presumed to have a large population and no particular threats have been identified. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being of "least concern".^[1]

References

Wikispecies has information related to Stochomys longicaudatus.

^ ^a ^b ^c Cassola, F. (2017). "Stochomys longicaudatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T20863A22455058. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T20863A22455058.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Uebbing, S. (August 2019). "Stochomys longicaudatus (Rodentia: Muridae)". Mammalian Species. 51 (974): 26–33. doi:10.1093/mspecies/sez004.
^ ^a ^b ^c Jonathan Kingdon (1984). East African Mammals: An Atlas of Evolution in Africa, Volume 2, Part B: Hares and Rodents. University of Chicago Press. p. 599. ISBN 978-0-226-43720-0.

Extant species of subfamily Murinae (Hadromys–Maxomys)

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordate
Class: Mammalia
Superorder: Euarchontoglires
Order: Rodentia
Family: Muridae

Hadromys
Division

Hadromys (Manipur bush rat)	Manipur bush rat (H. humei) Yunnan bush rat (H. yunnanensis)

Hybomys
Division

Dephomys (Defua rats)	Defua rat (D. defua) Ivory Coast rat (D. eburneae)
Hybomys (Hump-nosed mice)	Eisentraut's striped mouse (H. badius) Father Basilio's striped mouse (H. basilii) Moon striped mouse (H. lunaris) Miller's striped mouse (H. planifrons) Temminck's striped mouse (H. trivirgatus) Peters's striped mouse (H. univittatus)
Stochomys	Target rat (S. longicaudatus)

Hydromys
Division

Baiyankamys	Mountain water rat (B. habbema) Shaw Mayer's water rat (B. shawmayeri)
Crossomys	Earless water rat (C. moncktoni)
Hydromys (Water rats)	Rakali (H. chrysogaster) Western water rat (H. hussoni) New Britain water rat (H. neobrittanicus) Ziegler's water rat (H. ziegleri)
Microhydromys	Southern groove-toothed moss mouse (M. argenteus) Northern groove-toothed shrew mouse (M. richardsoni)
Parahydromys	New Guinea waterside rat (P. asper)
Paraleptomys	Northern water rat (P. rufilatus) Short-haired water rat (P. wilhelmina)

Lorentzimys
Division

Lorentzimys	New Guinean jumping mouse (L. nouhuysi)

Malacomys
Division

Malacomys (Big-eared swamp rats)	Cansdale's swamp rat (M. cansdalei) Edward's swamp rat (M. edwardsi) Big-eared swamp rat (M. longipes)

Maxomys
Division

Maxomys
(Rajah rats)

See also: Aethomys–Chrotomys; Colomys–Golunda; Melasmothrix–Mus; Oenomys–Pithecheir; Pogonomys–Pseudomys; Rattus; Stenocephalomys–Xeromys; Otomys; Others

Myomorpha

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Rodentia

Dipodini	Dipus Eremodipus Jaculus Stylodipus
Paradipodini	Paradipus

Euchoreutinae

Euchoreutes

†Simimyidae

Nonomys
Simimys

Armintomys

Platacanthomyidae

Spalacidae

Myospalacinae	Eospalax Myospalax †Pliosiphneus
Rhizomyinae	†Brachyrhizomys Cannomys Rhizomys Tachyoryctes
Spalacinae	Nannospalax Spalax

Eumuroida

- See below↓

Eumuroida

Calomyscidae

Calomyscus

Cricetidae

†Copemys
†Eumys
†Wilsoneumys

Arvicolinae

Arvicolini	Arvicola †Mimomys
Clethrionomyini	†Allophaiomys †Altaiomys Alticola †Borsodia Caryomys Clethrionomys Craseomys Eothenomys †Pitymimomys †Prolagurus
Dicrostonychini	Dicrostonyx †Predicrostonyx
Ellobiusini	Bramus Ellobius
Lagurini	Eolagurus Lagurus
Lemmini	Lemmus Myopus †Plioctomys Synaptomys †Tobienia
Microtini	Alexandromys Chionomys Hyperacrius Lasiopodomys Lemmiscus Microtus Mictomicrotus Neodon Proedromys Stenocranius Volemys
Ondatrini	†Cosomys Neofiber †Ogmodontomys Ondatra
Pliophenacomyini	Arborimus Phenacomys
Pliomyini	Dinaromys †Pliomys

Cricetinae

†Democricetodontinae

Neotominae

†Protorepomys †Tsaphanomys
Baiomyini	Baiomys Scotinomys
Neotomini	Hodomys Nelsonia Neotoma Xenomys
Ochrotomyini	Ochrotomys
Reithrodontomyini	Habromys Isthmomys Megadontomys Neotomodon Onychomys Osgoodomys Peromyscus Podomys Reithrodontomys

Sigmodontinae

Oryzomyalia

Abrotrichini	Abrothrix Chlelemys Geoxus Notiomys
Akodontini	Akodon Bibimys Blarinomys Brucepattersonius Deltamys Juscelinomys Kunsia Lenoxus Necromys Neomicroxus Oxymycterus Podoxymys Scapteromys Thalpomys Thaptomys
Ozyzomyini	Aegialomys Amphinectomys Cerradomys Drymoreomys Eremoryzomys Euryoryzomys Handleyomys Holochilus Hylaeamys Lundomys †Megalomys Melanomys Microakodontomys Microryzomys Mindomys Neacomys Nectomys Nephelomys Nesoryzomys Noronhomys Oecomys Oligoryzomys Oreoryzomys Oryzomys Pseudoryzomys Scolomys Sigmodontomys Sooretamys Tanyuromys Transandinomys Zygodontomys
Phyllotini	Andalgalomys Andinomys Auliscomys Calassomys Calomys Chinchillula Eligmodontia Euneomys Galenomys Graomys †Ichthyurodon Irenomys Loxodontomys Neotomys †Olympicomys Phyllotis Punomys Reithrodon Salinomys †Tafimys Tapecomys
Thomasomyini	Abrawayaomys Aepeomys Chilomys Delomys Phaenomys Rhagomys Rhipidomys Thomasomys Wilfredomys
Wiedomyini	†Cholomys Wiedomys

Sigmodontalia

Ichthyomyini	Anotomys Chibchanomys Daptomys Ichthyomys Neusticomys Rheomys
Sigmodontini	†Prosigmodon Sigmodon

Tylomyinae

Nyctomyini	Nyctomys Ototylomys
Tylomyini	Otonyctomys Tylomys

Muridae

Deomyinae

Gerbillinae

Ammodillus
Desmodilliscini	Desmodilliscus Pachyuromys
Gerbillini	Brachiones Dipodillus Gerbillus Meriones Microdillus Psammomys Rhombomys Sekeetamys
Gerbillurini	Desmodillus Gerbilliscus Gerbillurus Tatera
Taterillini	Taterillus

Leimacomyinae

Leimacomys

Lophiomyinae

Lophiomys

Murinae

†Alormys †Coryphomys Hadromys †Hoojieromys †Milimonggamys †Rakasamys †Spelaeomys Vernaya
Apodemini	Apodemus †Rhagamys Tokudaia
Arvicanthini	Aethomys Arvicanthis †Canariomys Dasymys Dephomys Desmomys Golunda Grammomys Hybomys Lamottemys Lemniscomys †Malpaisomys Micaelamys Mylomys Oenomys †Parapelomys Pelomys Rhabdomys †Saharamys †Saidomys Stochomys Thallomys Thamnomys Typomys
Hapalomyini	Hapalomys
Hydromyini	Anisomys Apomys Archboldomys Baiyankamys Brassomys Chiropodomys Chiruromys Chrotomys Coccymys Conilurus Crossomys Haeromys Hydromys Hyomys Leggadina Leporillus Leptomys Lorentzimys Macruromys Mallomys Mastacomys Melomys Mesembriomys Microhydromys Mirzamys Notomys Parahydromys Paraleptomys Paramelomys Pogonomys Protochromys Pseudohydromys Pseudomys Rhynchomys Solomys Soricomys Uromys Xeromys Zyzomys
Malacomyini	Malacomys
Millardini	Cremnomys Diomys Madromys Millardia Pithecheir Pithecheirops
Murini	Mus
Otomyini	Myotomys Otomys Parotomys
Phloeomyini	Batomys Carpomys Crateromys Musseromys Phloeomys
Praomyini	Chingawaemys Colomys Congomys Heimyscus Hylomyscus Mastomys Montemys Myomyscus Nilopegamys Ochromyscus Praomys Serengetimys Stenocephalemys Zelotomys
Rattini	Abditomys Anonymomys Bandicota Berylmys Bullimus Bunomys Chiromyscus Crunomys Dacnomys Diplothrix Echiothrix Eropeplus Halmaheramys Hyorhinomys Kadarsanomys Komodomys Lenomys Lenothrix Leopoldamys Limnomys Margaretamys Maxomys Melasmothrix Micromys Nesokia Nesoromys Niviventer Papagomys Palawanomys Paruromys Paucidentomys Paulamys Rattus Saxatilomys Sommeromys Srilankamys Sundamys Taeromys Tarsomys Tateomys Tonkinomys Tryphomys Waiomys
Vandeleurini	Vandeleuria

†Pseudocricetodontinae

Nesomyidae

Cricetomyinae	Beamys Cricetomys Saccostomus
Delanymyinae	Delanymys
Dendromurinae	Dendromus Dendroprionomys Malacothrix Megadendromus Prionomys Steatomys
Mystromyinae	Mystromys
Nesomyinae	Brachytarsomys Brachyuromys Eliurus Gymnuromys Hypogeomys Macrotarsomys Monticolomys Nesomys Voalavo
Petromyscinae	Petromyscus

Taxon identifiers
Stochomys longicaudatus	Wikidata: Q199019 Wikispecies: Stochomys longicaudatus ADW: Stochomys CoL: 6ZVG8 EoL: 1179427 GBIF: 2438508 iNaturalist: 45704 IRMNG: 10226040 ITIS: 585579 IUCN: 20863 MDD: 1003113 MSW: 13001820 NCBI: 34856 Observation.org: 87791 Open Tree of Life: 324500

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