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Tegem
Jebel Tekeim
Region	Nuba Hills, Sudan
Ethnicity	Lafofa
Native speakers	(5,100 all Lalofa cited 1984)^[1]
Language family	Niger–Congo? Atlantic–Congo Lafofa Tegem
Language codes
ISO 639-3	(included in Lafofa [laf])
Glottolog	`jebe1249`

Tegem, also Jebel Tekeim, is a Niger–Congo language spoken in Kordofan, Sudan. It is sometimes considered a dialect of Lafofa, which is poorly attested.

Phonology

Consonants

		Labial	Dental	Alveolar		Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Plosive	voiceless	p	t̪			ʈ	c	k
	voiced	b	d̪				ɟ	ɡ
	prenasal	ᵐb	ⁿd̪			ᶯɖ	ᶮɟ	ᵑɡ
Nasal		m		n			ɲ	ŋ
Rhotic				r		ɽ
Sonorant		w		l	ɫ		j		h

Labialization [ʷ] is also said to occur among sounds.
The following sounds can occur as geminated, [bː, mː, t̪ː, d̪ː, rː, lː, ɫː, ʈː, cː, ɟː, kː].^[2]

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i		u
Close	ɪ		ʊ
Close-mid	e		o
Open-mid	ɛ		ʌ	ɔ
Open	æ	a	ɑ

Vowel length is also distinctive.

References

^ Tegem at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
^ Sosal Altayeb Mohammed Ali, Ahmed (2018). A Phonological Study of the Tegem Language. University of Cape Town.

Sources

Roger Blench, 2011 (ms), "Does Kordofanian constitute a group and if not, where does its languages fit into Niger-Congo?"[1]

Languages of Sudan

Official languages

Indigenous
languages

Nilo-Saharan	Afitti Amdang Berta Birgid Northern Burun Southern Burun Dair Daza Dilling Dinka Dongolawi El Hugeirat Fadashi Fur Ghulfan Gule Gumuz Haraza Kadallu Kadaru Kadugli Kanga Karko Keiga Keiga Jirru Kelo–Beni Sheko Komo Krongo Maba Mararit Masalit Midob Miisiirii Molo Old Nubian Nobiin Nyimang Sillok Sungor Tama Temein Tese Tulishi Tumtum Uduk Undu Wali Yulu Zaghawa Bidayat
Niger-Congo	Acheron Amira Dagik Dengebu Fungor Heiban Katla Koalib Laro Logol Lumun Moro Nding Ngile Otoro Shwai Tagoi Talodi Tegali Tegem Tima Tiro Tocho Torona Warnang
Afroasiatic	Beja Ganza Hausa Tigre
Other	Domari Kujargé Meroitic Sudanese sign languages

Other languages

Main foreign languages

Kordofanian languages (geographic)

Talodi–Heiban

Heiban	Ebang Ko Kwalib Laro Logol Moro Shirumba Tiro Utoro Warnang
Talodi	Acheron Dagik Jomang Lumun Nding Ngile Tocho Torona

Katla-Rashad

Katla	Domorik Kaalak
Rashad	Tagoi Tegali

Kadu

Western	Kanga Keiga Tulishi
Eastern	Krongo Tumtum
Other	Kadugli

Lafofa

Amira
Tegem

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