Testosterone phenylacetate

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Testosterone phenylacetate - Wikipedia

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Testosterone phenylacetate
Clinical data

Trade names	Perandren, Androject
Other names	TPA
Routes of administration	Intramuscular injection
Drug class	Androgen; Anabolic steroid; Androgen ester
Identifiers
IUPAC name [(8R,9S,10R,13S,14S,17S)-10,13-dimethyl-3-oxo-1,2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl] 2-phenylacetate
CAS Number	5704-03-0
PubChem CID	9931194
ChemSpider	8106825
UNII	WAD1QAK81D
KEGG	D06086
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1697796
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID80972519
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₂₇H₃₄O₃
Molar mass	406.566 g·mol⁻¹
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
SMILES C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@@H]2OC(=O)CC4=CC=CC=C4)CCC5=CC(=O)CC[C@]35C
InChI InChI=1S/C27H34O3/c1-26-14-12-20(28)17-19(26)8-9-21-22-10-11-24(27(22,2)15-13-23(21)26)30-25(29)16-18-6-4-3-5-7-18/h3-7,17,21-24H,8-16H2,1-2H3/t21-,22-,23-,24-,26-,27-/m0/s1 Key:WIJSFCWRMNIREB-ZLQWOROUSA-N

Testosterone phenylacetate (TPA; brand names Perandren, Androject) is an androgen and anabolic steroid and a testosterone ester.^[1]^[2]^[3] Analogously to estradiol benzoate having been one of the first estrogen esters to be introduced, testosterone phenylacetate was one of the first testosterone esters to be introduced.^[4] However, since its introduction, it has largely been replaced by other esters, such as testosterone propionate.^[4]

Testosterone phenylacetate was a 50 mg/mL microcrystalline aqueous suspension under the brand name Perandren.^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9] It was used at a dosage of 50 to 200 mg by intramuscular injection once every 2 to 5 weeks.^[6]^[10] The medication was used to treat hypogonadism and eunuchoidism in males and for palliation of breast cancer in females.^[8]^[9] It was developed by Ciba Pharmaceutical Company.^[8]

A study found that, measured by 17-ketosteroid excretion, 300 mg testosterone propionate in oil solution had a duration of 5 days, 300 mg testosterone propionate in aqueous suspension had a duration of 13 days, 353 mg testosterone cypionate in oil solution had a duration of 24 days, and 354 mg testosterone phenylacetate in aqueous suspension had a duration of 66 days.^[11]^[9] In 1955, testosterone phenylacetate in aqueous suspension was said to have the longest duration of any clinically used androgen marketed up to that point.^[12]

Testosterone phenylacetate in aqueous suspension by intramuscular injection, similarly to other aqueous suspension formulations, causes local injection site reactions, including local pain, swelling, and tenderness.^[11] These symptoms last for several days after the injection and then subside.^[11] These reactions do not typically occur with oil solutions.^[11] The injection site reactions were viewed as less important in the case of testosterone phenylacetate due to its prolonged duration and less frequent administration.^[11]

References

^ Elks J (14 November 2014). The Dictionary of Drugs: Chemical Data: Chemical Data, Structures and Bibliographies. Springer. pp. 641–642. ISBN 978-1-4757-2085-3.
^ Index Nominum 2000: International Drug Directory. Taylor & Francis. January 2000. ISBN 978-3-88763-075-1.
^ Morton IK, Hall JM (6 December 2012). Concise Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents: Properties and Synonyms. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-94-011-4439-1.
^ ^a ^b Sneader W (31 October 2005). "Hormone Analogs". Drug Discovery: A History. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 205–. ISBN 978-0-470-01552-0.
^ Escamilla RF (February 1960). "Newer hormonal preparations". California Medicine. 92 (2): 121–124. PMC 1578009. PMID 13849734.
^ ^a ^b Chatton MJ (1973). Current Diagnosis & Treatment. Lange Medical Publications. ISBN 9780870411236. Testosterone Phenylacetate (Perandren Phenyl- acetate®): This microcrystalline aqueous suspension for intramuscular use has a prolonged action similar to Depo-Testosterone®. It is supplied as 10 ml vials of 50 mg/ml. The average dose is 50-200 mg every 3-5 weeks.
^ Physicians Desk Reference to Pharmaceutical Specialties and Biologicals. Medical Economics. 1968. p. 624.
^ ^a ^b ^c Federal Register. Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration. September 1977. pp. 52488–.
^ ^a ^b ^c Krantz JC, Carr CJ, Aviado DM (1972). Krantz and Carr's Pharmacologic principles of medical practice: a textbook on pharmacology and therapeutics for students and practitioners of medicine, pharmacy, and dentistry. Williams & Wilkins. p. 670. ISBN 9780683002928.
^ Lisser H, Escamilla RF (1962). Atlas of Clinical Endocrinology. Mosby. Testosterone phenylacetate (Perandren phenylacetate)—Long-acting suspension of macrocrystals. Dose, 100 to 200 mg. intramuscularly every 2 to 4 weeks.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Reifenstein EC, Howard P, Turner HH, Lowrimore BS (May 1954). "Studies comparing the effects of certain testosterone esters in man". Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2 (5): 293–298. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1954.tb00207.x. PMID 13162731. S2CID 39965563.
^ Modern Drugs: The Journal of the Modern Drug Encyclopedia. Drug Publications. 1955.

Androgens and antiandrogens

Androgens
(incl. AAS)

AR agonists

Testosterone derivatives: Androstenediol dipropionate
Boldenone undecylenate
Clostebol
Clostebol acetate
Clostebol caproate
Clostebol propionate
Cloxotestosterone acetate
Prasterone (dehydroepiandrosterone, DHEA)
Prasterone enanthate (DHEA enanthate)
Prasterone sulfate (DHEA sulfate)
Quinbolone
Testosterone^#
Testosterone esters (e.g., testosterone cypionate, testosterone enanthate, testosterone propionate, testosterone undecanoate, testosterone ester mixtures (Deposterona, Omnadren, Sustanon, Testoviron Depot))

Dihydrotestosterone derivatives: Androstanolone (stanolone, dihydrotestosterone, DHT)
Androstanolone esters
Bolazine capronate
Drostanolone propionate (dromostanolone propionate)
Epitiostanol
Mepitiostane
Mesterolone
Metenolone acetate (methenolone acetate)
Metenolone enanthate (methenolone enanthate)
Stenbolone acetate

19-Nortestosterone derivatives: Bolandiol dipropionate
Nandrolone esters (e.g., nandrolone decanoate, nandrolone phenylpropionate)
Norclostebol
Norclostebol acetate
Oxabolone cipionate (oxabolone cypionate)
Trenbolone acetate
Trenbolone hexahydrobenzylcarbonate (trenbolone cyclohexylmethylcarbonate)

17α-Alkylated testosterone derivatives: Bolasterone
Calusterone
Chlorodehydromethyltestosterone (CDMT)
Fluoxymesterone
Formebolone
Metandienone (methandienone, methandrostenolone)
Methandriol (methylandrostenediol)
Methandriol bisenanthoyl acetate
Methandriol dipropionate
Methandriol propionate
Methyltestosterone
Methyltestosterone 3-hexyl ether
Oxymesterone
Penmesterol
Tiomesterone (thiomesterone)

17α-Alkylated dihydrotestosterone derivatives: Androisoxazole
Furazabol
Mebolazine (dimethazine)
Mestanolone
Oxandrolone
Oxymetholone
Stanozolol

17α-Alkylated 19-nortestosterone derivatives: Ethylestrenol
Mibolerone
Norethandrolone
Normethandrone (methylestrenolone, normethisterone)
Propetandrol (propethandrol)

17α-Vinyltestosterone derivatives: Norvinisterone (vinylnortestosterone)

17α-Ethynyltestosterone derivatives: Danazol
Gestrinone
Progestins (e.g., ethisterone (ethynyltestosterone), levonorgestrel, norgestrel, norethisterone (norethindrone), lynestrenol, norgestrienone)
Tibolone

Progesterone derivatives: Medroxyprogesterone acetate

Progonadotropins

Antiestrogens (e.g., tamoxifen, clomifene)
GnRH agonists (e.g., GnRH (gonadorelin), leuprorelin)
Gonadotropins (e.g., LHTooltip luteinizing hormone, hCGTooltip human chorionic gonadotropin)

Antiandrogens

AR antagonists

Steroidogenesis
inhibitors

5α-Reductase	Alfatradiol Dutasteride Epristeride Finasteride Saw palmetto extract
Others	Abiraterone acetate +niraparib Aminoglutethimide Bifluranol Cyproterone acetate Flutamide Ketoconazole Nilutamide Seviteronel^† Spironolactone

Antigonadotropins

D₂ receptor antagonists (prolactin releasers) (e.g., domperidone, metoclopramide, risperidone, haloperidol, chlorpromazine, sulpiride)
Estrogens (e.g., bifluranol, diethylstilbestrol, estradiol, estradiol esters, ethinylestradiol, ethinylestradiol sulfonate, paroxypropione)
GnRH agonists (e.g., leuprorelin)
GnRH antagonists (e.g., cetrorelix)
Progestogens (incl., chlormadinone acetate, cyproterone acetate, hydroxyprogesterone caproate, gestonorone caproate, medroxyprogesterone acetate, megestrol acetate)

Others

Androstenedione immunogens: Androvax (androstenedione albumin)
Ovandrotone albumin (Fecundin)

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

See also: Androgen receptor modulators; Estrogens and antiestrogens; Progestogens and antiprogestogens; List of androgens/anabolic steroids

Androgen receptor modulators

Agonists	Testosterone derivatives: 4-Androstenediol 4-Dehydroepiandrosterone (4-DHEA) 4-Hydroxytestosterone 4,17α-Dimethyltestosterone 5-Androstenedione 11-Ketotestosterone 11β-Hydroxyandrostenedione Adrenosterone (11-ketoandrostenedione, 11-oxoandrostenedione) Androstenediol (5-androstenediol) Androstenediol 3β-acetate Androstenediol 17β-acetate Androstenediol diacetate Androstenediol dipropionate Androstenedione (4-androstenedione) Atamestane Boldenone Boldenone undecylenate Boldione (1,4-androstadienedione) Clostebol Clostebol acetate Clostebol caproate Clostebol propionate Cloxotestosterone Cloxotestosterone acetate Dehydroandrosterone DHEA (androstenolone, prasterone; 5-DHEA) DHEA enanthate (prasterone enanthate) DHEA sulfate Exemestane Formestane Plomestane Quinbolone Silandrone Testosterone^# (+dutasteride) Testosterone esters Polytestosterone phloretin phosphate 5α-Dihydrotestosterone derivatives: 1-Androstenediol 1-Androstenedione 1-Androsterone (1-andro, 1-DHEA) 1-Testosterone 3α-Androstanediol 5α-Androst-2-en-17-one 7β-Hydroxyepiandrosterone 11-Ketodihydrotestosterone Androsterone Bolazine Bolazine capronate Dihydroethyltestosterone Dihydrofluoxymesterone Dihydromethylandrostenediol Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) (androstanolone, stanolone) Dihydrotestosterone esters Drostanolone Drostanolone propionate Epiandrosterone Epitiostanol Mepitiostane Mesabolone Mesterolone Mesterolone cipionate Methyldiazinol Nisterime Nisterime acetate Prostanozol Stenbolone Stenbolone acetate Testifenon (testiphenon, testiphenone) 19-Nortestosterone derivatives: 7α-Methyl-19-norandrostenedione (MENT dione, trestione) 11β-Methyl-19-nortestosterone 11β-Methyl-19-nortestosterone dodecylcarbonate 19-Nor-5-androstenediol 19-Nor-5-androstenedione 19-Nordehydroepiandrosterone Bolandiol Bolandiol dipropionate Bolandione (19-nor-4-androstenedione) Bolmantalate (nandrolone adamantoate) Dienedione Dienolone Dimethandrolone Dimethandrolone buciclate Dimethandrolone dodecylcarbonate Dimethandrolone undecanoate LS-1727 (nandrolone 17β-N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosocarbamate) Methoxydienone (methoxygonadiene) Nandrolone Nandrolone esters Norclostebol Norclostebol acetate Normethandrone (methylestrenolone, normethisterone) Oxabolone Oxabolone cipionate (oxabolone cypionate) Trenbolone Trenbolone acetate Trenbolone enanthate Trenbolone hexahydrobenzylcarbonate Trenbolone undecanoate Trendione Trestolone (MENT) Trestolone acetate Trestolone enanthate 5α-Dihydro-19-nortestosterone derivatives: 5α-Dihydronandrolone 5α-Dihydrotrestolone 19-Norandrosterone 17α-Alkylated testosterone derivatives: Bolasterone Calusterone Chlorodehydromethylandrostenediol (CDMA) Chlorodehydromethyltestosterone (CDMT) Chloromethylandrostenediol (CMA) Enestebol Ethyltestosterone Fluoxymesterone Formebolone Hydroxystenozole Metandienone (methandrostenolone) Methandriol (methylandrostenediol) Methandriol bisenanthoyl acetate Methandriol diacetate Methandriol dipropionate Methandriol propionate Methylclostebol (chloromethyltestosterone) Methyltestosterone (+esterified estrogens) Methyltestosterone 3-hexyl ether Oxymesterone Penmesterol Tiomesterone 17α-Alkylated 5α-dihydrotestosterone derivatives: Androisoxazole Desoxymethyltestosterone Furazabol Mebolazine (dimethazine) Mestanolone Metenolone Metenolone acetate Metenolone enanthate Methasterone Methyl-1-testosterone Methylepitiostanol Methylstenbolone Oxandrolone Oxymetholone Stanozolol 17α-Alkylated 19-nortestosterone derivatives: Bolenol Dimethyldienolone Dimethyltrienolone Ethyldienolone Ethylestrenol Methyldienolone Methylhydroxynandrolone (MOHN, MHN) Metribolone Mibolerone Norboletone Norethandrolone Propetandrol RU-2309 Tetrahydrogestrinone 17α-Alkylated 5α-dihydro-19-nortestosterone derivatives: 5α-Dihydronorethandrolone 5α-Dihydronormethandrone 17α-Vinyltestosterone derivatives: Norvinisterone (vinylnortestosterone) 17α-Vinyl-19-nortestosterone derivatives: Vinyltestosterone 17α-Ethynyltestosterone derivatives: Danazol Ethinylandrostenediol Ethandrostate Ethisterone (ethynyltestosterone) 5α-Dihydro-17α-ethynyltestosterone derivatives: 17α-Ethynyl-3α-androstanediol 17α-Ethynyl-3β-androstanediol Dihydroethisterone 17α-Ethynyl-19-nortestosterone derivatives: Δ⁴-Tibolone Desogestrel Etonogestrel Etynodiol Etynodiol diacetate Gestodene Gestrinone Levonorgestrel Levonorgestrel esters (e.g., levonorgestrel butanoate) Lynestrenol Lynestrenol phenylpropionate Norethisterone Norethisterone esters (e.g., norethisterone acetate, norethisterone enanthate) Norgestrel Norgestrienone Quingestanol Quingestanol acetate Tibolone 5α-Dihydro-17α-ethynyl-19-nortestosterone derivatives: 5α-Dihydrolevonorgestrel 5α-Dihydronorethisterone Progesterone derivatives: 6α-Methylprogesterone Medroxyprogesterone acetate Megestrol acetate Others/unsorted: 3-Keto-5α-abiraterone 5α-Androstane Alternariol Cl-4AS-1 Drupanol Trilostane ZM-182345
SARMsTooltip Selective androgen receptor modulator	Nonsteroidal: 198RL26 ACP-105 AC-262,536 Acetothiolutamide Acetoxolutamide Andarine (acetamidoxolutamide, androxolutamide, GTx-007, S-4) BMS-564,929 DTIB Enobosarm (ostarine, MK-2866, GTx-024, S-22) FTBU-1 GLPG-0492 GSK2881078 GSK-4336A GSK-8698 LG121071 (LGD-121071) LGD-2226 LGD-2941 (LGD-122941) LGD-3303 LGD-4033 LY305 JNJ-26146900 JNJ-28330835 JNJ-37654032 OPK-88004 (LY-2452473, TT-701) ORM-11984 PF-06260414 R-1 RU-59063 S-1 S-23 S-40503 S-101479 Vosilasarm Steroidal: EM-9017 MK-0773 TFM-4AS-1 YK-11
Antagonists	Steroidal: 7α-Thioprogesterone 7α-Thiospironolactone 7α-Thiomethylspironolactone 11α-Hydroxyprogesterone 15β-Hydroxycyproterone acetate Abiraterone Abiraterone acetate Allyltestosterone Benorterone BOMT Canrenoic acid Canrenone Chlormadinone acetate Clascoterone Clometerone Cyproheptadine Cyproterone Cyproterone acetate Delanterone Delmadinone acetate Dicirenone Dienogest Drospirenone DU-41165 Edogestrone EM-4350 EM-5854 EM-5855 EM-6537 Epitestosterone Galeterone Guggulsterone Ludaterone Medrogestone Megestrol acetate Mespirenone Metogest Mexrenone Mifepristone Nomegestrol acetate Nordinone Osaterone Osaterone acetate Oxendolone Potassium canrenoate Promegestone Prorenone Rosterolone RU-15328 SC-5233 (spirolactone) Spironolactone Spirorenone Spiroxasone Topterone Trimegestone Trimethyltrienolone (R-2956) Zanoterone Nonsteroidal: 5N-Bicalutamide AA560 Antarlides Arabilin Apalutamide Atraric acid AZD-3514 Bakuchiol Bavdegalutamide BAY-1024767 Bicalutamide Bisphenols (e.g., BADGE, BFDGE, bisphenol A, bisphenol F, bisphenol S) BMS-501949 BMS-570511 BMS-641988 CH5137291 Cimetidine Cioteronel Cyanonilutamide Darolutamide DDT (via metabolite p,p’-DDE) Dieldrin DIMP Endosulfan Enzalutamide EPI-001 Fenarimol Flutamide Hydroxyflutamide Inocoterone Inocoterone acetate Ketoconazole Ketodarolutamide Lavender oil LG-105 LG-120907 LGD-1331 Linuron Masofaniten Methiocarb N-Butylbenzenesulfonamide N-Desmethylapalutamide N-Desmethylenzalutamide Nilutamide ONC1-13B Pentomone PF-998425 Phenothrin Prochloraz Procymidone Proxalutamide Pyrilutamide Ralaniten (EPI-002) Ralaniten acetate (EPI-506) RD-162 Rezvilutamide Ro 2-7239 Ro 5-2537 RU-22930 RU-56187 RU-57073 RU-58642 RU-58841 Seviteronel Thalidomide Topilutamide (fluridil) Valproic acid Vinclozolin YM-580 YM-92088 YM-175735

GPRC6A

Agonists	Cations (incl. aluminium, calcium, gadolinium, magnesium, strontium, zinc) Dehydroandrosterone Dihydrotestosterone Estradiol L-α-Amino acids (incl. L-arginine, L-lysine, L-ornithine) Osteocalcin SHBGTooltip Sex hormone-binding globulin Testosterone

See also: Receptor/signaling modulators; Androgens and antiandrogens; Estrogen receptor modulators; Progesterone receptor modulators; List of androgens and anabolic steroids

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