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  1. World Encyclopedia
  2. Dahlgren system - Wikipedia
Dahlgren system - Wikipedia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
System of flowering plant classification

One of the modern systems of plant taxonomy, the Dahlgren system was published by monocot specialist Rolf Dahlgren in 1975[1] and revised in 1977,[2] and 1980.[3] However, he is best known for his two treatises on monocotyledons in 1982 [4] and revised in 1985.[5] His wife Gertrud Dahlgren continued the work after his death.[6]

Dahlgren ranked the dicotyledons and monocotyledons as subclasses of the class of flowering plants (angiosperms) and further divided them into superorders. Originally (1975) he used the suffix -anae, as did Cronquist, to designate these, but in 1980 changed this to -florae in accordance with Thorne. In the 1989 revision, published by his wife, the alternate names Magnoliidae and Liliidae were dropped in favour of Dicotyledon and Monocotyledon, and the suffix -florae reverted to -anae (e.g. Alismatanae for Alismatiflorae).

Reveal provides an extensive listing of Dahlgren's classification.[7] (Note the synonyms, both nomenclatural and taxonomic, for each name in the system.)

1980 system

[edit]

Summary

[edit]
  • Class Magnoliopsida (flowering plants (Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta)
    Subclass Magnoliidae (dicotyledons) 24 superorders
    • Superorder Magnoliiflorae
      Superorder Nymphaeiflorae
      Superorder Ranunculiflorae
      Superorder Caryophylliflorae
      Superorder Polygoniflorae
      Superorder Malviflorae
      Superorder Violiflorae
      Superorder Theiflorae
      Superorder Primuliflorae
      Superorder Rosiflorae
      Superorder Podostemiflorae
      Superorder Fabiflorae
      Superorder Proteiflorae
      Superorder Myrtiflorae
      Superorder Rutiflorae
      Superorder Santaliflorae
      Superorder Balanophoriflorae
      Superorder Araliiflorae
      Superorder Asteriflorae
      Superorder Solaniflorae
      Superorder Corniflorae
      Superorder Loasiflorae
      Superorder Gentianiflorae
      Superorder Lamiiflorae
    Subclass Liliidae (monocotyledons) 7 superorders
    • Superorder Alismatiflorae
      Superorder Triuridiflorae
      Superorder Ariflorae
      Superorder Liliiflorae
      Superorder Zingiberiflorae
      Superorder Commeliniflorae
      Superorder Areciflorae

Magnoliidae (dicotyledons)

[edit]
  • Subclass Magnoliiflorae
    Superorder Magnolianae
    Order Annonales
    Family Annonaceae
    Family Myristicaceae
    Family Eupomatiaceae
    Family Canellaceae
    Family Austrobaileyaceae
    Order Aristolochiales
    Family Aristolochiaceae
    Order Rafflesiales
    Family Rafflesiaceae
    Family Hydnoraceae
    Order Magnoliales
    Family Degeneriaceae
    Family Himantandraceae
    Family Magnoliaceae
    Order Lactoridales
    Family Lactoridaceae
    Order Winterales
    Family Winteraceae
    Order Chloranthales
    Family Chloranthaceae
    Order Illiciales
    Family Illiciaceae
    Family Schisandraceae
    Order Laurales
    Family Amborellaceae
    Family Trimeniaceae
    Family Monimiaceae
    Family Gomortegaceae
    Family Calycanthaceae
    Family Lauraceae
    Order Nelumbonales
    Family Nelumbonaceae
    Superorder Nymphaeiflorae
    Order Piperales
    Family Saururaceae
    Family Piperaceae
    Order Nymphaeales
    Family Cabombaceae
    Family Nymphaeaceae
    Family Ceratophyllaceae
    Superorder Ranunculiflorae
    Order Ranunculales
    Family Lardizabalaceae
    Family Sargentodoxaceae
    Family Menispermaceae
    Family Kingdoniaceae
    Family Circaeasteraceae
    Family Ranunculaceae
    Family Hydrastidaceae
    Family Berberidaceae
    Order Papaverales
    Family Papaveraceae
    Family Fumariaceae
    Superorder Caryophylliflorae
    Order Caryophyllales
    Family Molluginaceae
    Family Caryophyllaceae
    Family Phytolaccaceae
    Family Achatocarpaceae
    Family Agdestidaceae
    Family Basellaceae
    Family Portulacaceae
    Family Stegnospermataceae
    Family Nyctaginaceae
    Family Aizoaceae
    Family Halophytaceae
    Family Cactaceae
    Family Didiereaceae
    Family Hectorellaceae
    Family Chenopodiaceae
    Family Amaranthaceae
    Superorder Polygoniflorae
    Order Polygonales
    Family Polygonaceae
    Superorder Malviflorae
    Order Malvales
    Family Sterculiaceae
    Family Plagiopteraceae
    Family Bixaceae
    Family Cochlospermaceae
    Family Cistaceae
    Family Sphaerosepalaceae
    Family Sarcolaenaceae
    Family Huaceae
    Family Tiliaceae
    Family Dipterocarpaceae
    Family Bombacaceae
    Family Malvaceae
    Order Urticales
    Family Ulmaceae
    Family Moraceae
    Family Cecropiaceae
    Family Barbeyaceae
    Family Cannabaceae
    Family Urticaceae
    Order Euphorbiales
    Family Euphorbiaceae
    Family Simmondsiaceae
    Family Pandaceae
    Family Aextoxicaceae
    Family Dichapetalaceae
    Order Plumbaginales
    Family Plumbaginaceae
    Family Limoniaceae
    Order Thymelaeales
    Family Gonystylaceae
    Family Thymelaeaceae
    Order Rhamnales
    Family Rhamnaceae
    Superorder Violiflorae
    Order Violales
    Family Flacourtiaceae
    Family Berberidopsidaceae
    Family Aphloiaceae
    Family Physenaceae
    Family Passifloraceae
    Family Dipentodontaceae
    Family Peridiscaceae
    Family Scyphostegiaceae
    Family Violaceae
    Family Turneraceae
    Family Malesherbiaceae
    Family Caricaceae
    Order Cucurbitales
    Family Achariaceae
    Family Cucurbitaceae
    Family Begoniaceae
    Family Datiscaceae
    Order Salicales
    Family Salicaceae
    Order Tamaricales
    Family Tamaricaceae
    Family Frankeniaceae
    Order Capparales
    Family Capparaceae
    Family Brassicaceae
    Family Tovariaceae
    Family Resedaceae
    Family Gyrostemonaceae
    Family Bataceae
    Family Moringaceae
    Order Tropaeolales
    Family Tropaeolaceae
    Family Limnanthaceae
    Order Salvadorales
    Family Salvadoraceae
    Superorder Theiflorae
    Order Dilleniales
    Family Dilleniaceae
    Order Paeoniales
    Family Glaucidiaceae
    Family Paeoniaceae
    Order Theales
    Family Stachyuraceae
    Family Pentaphylacaceae
    Family Marcgraviaceae
    Family Quiinaceae
    Family Ancistrocladaceae
    Family Dioncophyllaceae
    Family Nepenthaceae
    Family Medusagynaceae
    Family Caryocaraceae
    Family Strasburgeriaceae
    Family Ochnaceae
    Family Chrysobalanaceae
    Family Oncothecaceae
    Family Scytopetalaceae
    Family Theaceae
    Family Bonnetiaceae
    Family Clusiaceae
    Family Elatinaceae
    Order Lecythidales
    Family Lecythidaceae
    Superorder Primuliflorae
    Order Primulales
    Family Myrsinaceae
    Family Aegicerataceae
    Family Theophrastaceae
    Family Primulaceae
    Family Coridaceae
    Order Ebenales
    Family Sapotaceae
    Family Styracaceae
    Family Lissocarpaceae
    Family Ebenaceae
    Superorder Rosiflorae
    Order Trochodendrales
    Family Trochodendraceae
    Family Tetracentraceae
    Order Cercidiphyllales
    Family Cercidiphyllaceae
    Family Eupteleaceae
    Order Hamamelidales
    Family Hamamelidaceae
    Family Platanaceae
    Family Myrothamnaceae
    Order Balanopales
    Family Balanopaceae
    Order Fagales
    Family Nothofagaceae
    Family Fagaceae
    Family Corylaceae
    Family Betulaceae
    Order Juglandales
    Family Rhoipteleaceae
    Family Juglandaceae
    Order Myricales
    Family Myricaceae
    Order Casuarinales
    Family Casuarinaceae
    Order Buxales
    Family Buxaceae
    Family Daphniphyllaceae
    Family Didymelaceae
    Order Geissolomatales
    Family Geissolomataceae
    Order Cunoniales
    Family Cunoniaceae
    Family Baueraceae
    Family Brunelliaceae
    Family Davidsoniaceae
    Family Eucryphiaceae
    Family Bruniaceae
    Family Grubbiaceae
    Order Saxifragales
    Family Saxifragaceae
    Family Francoaceae
    Family Greyiaceae
    Family Brexiaceae
    Family Grossulariaceae
    Family Iteaceae
    Family Cephalotaceae
    Family Crassulaceae
    Order Droserales
    Family Droseraceae
    Family Lepuropetalaceae
    Family Parnassiaceae
    Order Rosales
    Family Rosaceae
    Family Neuradaceae
    Family Malaceae
    Family Amygdalaceae
    Family Anisophylleaceae
    Family Crossosomataceae
    Family Surianaceae
    Family Rhabdodendraceae
    Order Gunnerales
    Family Gunneraceae
    Superorder Podostemiflorae
    Order Podostemales
    Family Podostemaceae (including Tristichaceae)
    Superorder Fabiflorae
    Order Fabales
    Family Mimosaceae
    Family Caesalpiniaceae
    Family Fabaceae
    Superorder Proteiflorae
    Order Proteales
    Family Proteaceae
    Order Elaeagnales
    Family Elaeagnaceae
    Superorder Myrtiflorae
    Order Myrtales
    Family Psiloxylaceae
    Family Heteropyxidaceae
    Family Myrtaceae
    Family Onagraceae
    Family Trapaceae
    Family Lythraceae
    Family Combretaceae
    Family Melastomataceae
    Family Memecylaceae
    Family Crypteroniaceae
    Family Oliniaceae
    Family Penaeaceae
    Family Rhynchocalycaceae
    Family Alzateaceae
    Order Haloragales
    Family Haloragaceae
    Superorder Rutiflorae
    Order Sapindales
    Family Coriariaceae
    Family Anacardiaceae
    Family Leitneriaceae
    Family Podoaceae
    Family Sapindaceae
    Family Hippocastanaceae
    Family Aceraceae
    Family Akaniaceae
    Family Bretschneideraceae
    Family Emblingiaceae
    Family Staphyleaceae
    Family Melianthaceae
    Family Sabiaceae
    Family Meliosmaceae
    Family Connaraceae
    Order Rutales
    Family Rutaceae
    Family Ptaeroxylaceae
    Family Cneoraceae
    Family Simaroubaceae
    Family Tepuianthaceae
    Family Burseraceae
    Family Meliaceae
    Order Polygalales
    Family Malpighiaceae
    Family Trigoniaceae
    Family Vochysiaceae
    Family Polygalaceae
    Family Krameriaceae
    Order Geraniales
    Family Zygophyllaceae
    Family Nitrariaceae
    Family Peganaceae
    Family Balanitaceae
    Family Erythroxylaceae
    Family Humiriaceae
    Family Linaceae
    Family Ctenolophonaceae
    Family Ixonanthaceae
    Family Lepidobotryaceae
    Family Oxalidaceae (including Averrhoaceae)
    Family Geraniaceae
    Family Dirachmaceae
    Family Ledocarpaceae
    Family Vivianiaceae
    Family Biebersteiniaceae
    Order Linales (incorporated into Geraniales)
    Family Linaceae
    Family Humiriaceae
    Family Ctenolophonaceae
    Family Ixonanthaceae
    Family Erythroxylaceae
    Family Lepidobotryaceae
    Family Oxalidaceae
    Order Celastrales
    Family Stackhousiaceae
    Family Lophopyxidaceae
    Family Cardiopteridaceae
    Family Corynocarpaceae
    Family Celastraceae
    Order Rhizophorales
    Family Rhizophoraceae
    Family Elaeocarpaceae
    Order Balsaminales
    Family Balsaminaceae
    Superorder Santaliflorae
    Order Santalales
    Family Olacaceae
    Family Opiliaceae
    Family Loranthaceae
    Family Medusandraceae
    Family Misodendraceae
    Family Eremolepidaceae
    Family Santalaceae
    Family Viscaceae
    Superorder Balanophoriflorae
    Order Balanophorales
    Family Cynomoriaceae
    Family Balanophoraceae
    Superorder Araliiflorae
    Order Pittosporales
    Family Pittosporaceae
    Family Tremandraceae
    Family Byblidaceae
    Order Araliales
    Family Araliaceae
    Family Apiaceae
    Superorder Asteriflorae
    Order Campanulales
    Family Pentaphragmataceae
    Family Campanulaceae
    Family Lobeliaceae
    Order Asterales
    Family Asteraceae
    Superorder Solaniflorae
    Order Solanales
    Family Solanaceae
    Family Sclerophylacaceae
    Family Goetzeaceae
    Family Convolvulaceae
    Family Cuscutaceae
    Family Cobaeaceae
    Family Polemoniaceae
    Order Boraginales
    Family Hydrophyllaceae
    Family Ehretiaceae
    Family Boraginaceae
    Family Lennoaceae
    Family Hoplestigmataceae
    Superorder Corniflorae
    Order Fouquieriales
    Family Fouquieriaceae
    Order Ericales
    Family Actinidiaceae
    Family Clethraceae
    Family Cyrillaceae
    Family Ericaceae
    Family Empetraceae
    Family Monotropaceae
    Family Pyrolaceae
    Family Epacridaceae
    Order Eucommiales
    Family Eucommiaceae
    Order Sarraceniales
    Family Sarraceniaceae
    Order Cornales
    Family Garryaceae
    Family Alangiaceae
    Family Nyssaceae
    Family Cornaceae
    Family Roridulaceae
    Family Davidiaceae
    Family Escalloniaceae
    Family Helwingiaceae
    Family Torricelliaceae
    Family Aucubaceae
    Family Aralidiaceae
    Family Diapensiaceae
    Family Phellinaceae
    Family Aquifoliaceae
    Family Paracryphiaceae
    Family Sphenostemonaceae
    Family Symplocaceae
    Family Icacinaceae
    Family Montiniaceae
    Family Columelliaceae
    Family Stylidiaceae (including Donatiaceae)
    Family Alseuosmiaceae
    Family Hydrangeaceae
    Family Sambucaceae
    Family Viburnaceae
    Family Menyanthaceae
    Family Adoxaceae
    Family Phyllonomaceae
    Family Tribelaceae
    Family Eremosynaceae
    Family Pterostemonaceae
    Family Tetracarpaeaceae
    Order Dipsacales
    Family Caprifoliaceae
    Family Valerianaceae
    Family Dipsacaceae
    Family Morinaceae
    Family Calyceraceae
    Superorder Loasiflorae
    Order Loasales
    Family Loasaceae
    Superorder Gentianiflorae
    Order Goodeniales
    Family Goodeniaceae
    Order Oleales
    Family Oleaceae
    Order Gentianales
    Family Desfontainiaceae
    Family Loganiaceae
    Family Dialypetalanthaceae
    Family Rubiaceae
    Family Theligonaceae
    Family Gentianaceae
    Family Saccifoliaceae
    Family Apocynaceae
    Family Asclepiadaceae
    Superorder Lamiiflorae
    Order Lamiales
    Family Retziaceae
    Family Stilbaceae
    Family Buddlejaceae
    Family Scrophulariaceae
    Family Myoporaceae
    Family Globulariaceae
    Family Plantaginaceae
    Family Lentibulariaceae
    Family Pedaliaceae
    Family Trapellaceae
    Family Martyniaceae
    Family Gesneriaceae
    Family Bignoniaceae
    Family Acanthaceae
    Family Verbenaceae
    Family Lamiaceae
    Family Callitrichaceae
    Order Hydrostachyales
    Family Hydrostachyaceae
    Order Hippuridales
    Family Hippuridaceae

1982 system (monocotyledons)

[edit]

Summary

[edit]

Six superorders

  • Superorder Alismatiflorae
  • Superorder Ariflorae
  • Superorder Liliiflorae
  • Superorder Zingiberiflorae
  • Superorder Commeliniflorae
  • Superorder Areciflorae

Details

[edit]
  • Superorder Alismatiflorae 5 orders
  • Superorder Ariflorae 1 order
    • Order Arales
  • Superorder Liliiflorae 11 orders
    • Order Dioscoreales
    • Order Taccales
    • Order Asparagales
      • Family Smilacaceae
      • Family Petermanniaceae
      • Family Philesiaceae
      • Family Convallariaceae
      • Family Asparagaceae
      • Family Herreriaceae
      • Family Dracaenaceae
      • Family Doryanthaceae
      • Family Dasypogonaceae
      • Family Phormiaceae
      • Family Xanthorrhoeaceae
      • Family Agavaceae
      • Family Hypoxidaceae
      • Family Asphodelaceae
      • Family Aphyllanthaceae
      • Family Dianellaceae
      • Family Tecophilaeaceae
      • Family Cyanastraceae
      • Family Eriospermaceae
      • Family Hemerocallidaceae
      • Family Funkiaceae
      • Family Hyacinthaceae
      • Family Alliaceae
      • Family Amaryllidaceae
    • Order Liliales
      • Family Iridaceae
      • Family Geosiridaceae
      • Family Colchicaceae
      • Family Alstroemeriaceae
      • Family Tricyrtidaceae
      • Family Calochortaceae
      • Family Liliaceae
      • Family Melanthiaceae
    • Order Burmanniales
    • Order Orchidales
    • Order Pontederiales
    • Order Haemodorales
    • Order Philydrales
    • Order Velloziales
    • Order Bromeliales
  • Superorder Zingiberiflorae 1 order
    • Order Zingiberales
  • Superorder Commeliniflorae 8 orders
  • Superorder Areciflorae 3 orders

1985 system (monocotyledons)

[edit]

Summary

[edit]

Ten superorders

  • Superorder Liliiflorae
  • Superorder Ariflorae
  • Superorder Triuridiflorae
  • Superorder Alismatiflorae
  • Superorder Bromeliiflorae
  • Superorder Zingiberiflorae
  • Superorder Commeliniflorae
  • Superorder Cyclanthiflorae
  • Superorder Areciflorae
  • Superorder Pandaniflorae

Details

[edit]

Liliiflorae

[edit]
  • Superorder Liliiflorae 6 orders p. 107
    Order Dioscoreales
    Family Trichopodaceae
    Family Dioscoreaceae
    Family Taccaceae
    Family Stemonaceae
    Family Trilliaceae
    Family Smilacaceae
    Family Petermanniaceae
    Order Asparagales
    Family Philesiaceae
    Family Luzuriagaceae
    Family Convallariaceae
    Family Asparagaceae
    Family Ruscaceae
    Family Herreriaceae
    Family Dracaenaceae
    Family Nolinaceae
    Family Asteliaceae
    Family Hanguanaceae
    Family Dasypogonaceae
    Family Calectasiaceae
    Family Blandfordiaceae
    Family Xanthorrhoeaceae
    Family Agavaceae
    Family Hypoxidaceae
    Family Tecophilaeaceae
    Family Cyanastraceae
    Family Eriospermaceae
    Family Ixioliriaceae
    Family Phormiaceae
    Family Doryanthaceae
    Family Hemerocallidaceae
    Family Asphodelaceae
    Family Anthericaceae
    Family Aphyllanthaceae
    Family Funkiaceae
    Family Hyacinthaceae
    Family Alliaceae
    Family Amaryllidaceae
    Tribe Amaryllideae
    Tribe Hippeastrae
    Tribe Lycoridae
    Tribe Stenomesseae
    Tribe Eucharideae
    Tribe Pancratieae
    Tribe Narcisseae
    Tribe Galantheae
    Order Melanthiales
    Family Melanthiaceae
    Family Campynemaceae
    Order Burmanniales
    Family Burmanniaceae
    Family Thismiaceae
    Family Corsiaceae
    Order Liliales
    Family Alstroemeriaceae
    Family Colchicaceae
    Family Uvulariaceae
    Family Calochortaceae
    Family Liliaceae
    Family Geosiridaceae
    Family Iridaceae
    Order Orchids
    Family Apostasiaceae
    Family Cypripediaceae
    Family Orchidaceae

Ariflorae

[edit]
  • Superorder Ariflorae 1 order p. 275
    Order Arales
    Family Araceae
    Family Lemnaceae

Triuridiflorae

[edit]
  • Superorder Triuridiflorae 1 order p. 287
    Order Triuridales
    Family Triuridaceae

Alismatiflorae

[edit]
  • Superorder Alismatiflorae 2 orders p. 292
    Order Alismatales
    Family Aponogetonaceae
    Family Butomaceae
    Family Limnocharitaceae
    Family Alismataceae
    Family Hydrocharitaceae
    Order Najadales
    Family Scheuchzeriaceae
    Family Juncaginaceae
    Family Potamogetonaceae
    Family Posidoniaceae
    Family Zosteraceae
    Family Zannichelliaceae
    Family Cymodoceaceae
    Family Najadaceae

Bromeliiflorae

[edit]
  • Superorder Bromeliflorae 6 orders p. 323
    Order Velloziales
    Family Velloziaceae
    Order Bromeliales
    Family Bromeliaceae
    Order Philydrales
    Family Philydraceae
    Order Haemodorales
    Family Haemodoraceae
    Order Pontederiales
    Family Pontederiaceae
    Order Typhales
    Family Sparganiaceae
    Family Typhaceae

Zingiberiflorae

[edit]
  • Superorder Zingiberiflorae 1 order p. 350
    Order Zingiberales
    Family Lowiaceae
    Family Musaceae
    Family Heliconiaceae
    Family Strelitziaceae
    Family Zingiberaceae
    Family Costaceae
    Family Cannaceae
    Family Marantaceae

Commeliniflorae

[edit]
  • Superorder Commeliniflorae 4 orders p. 374
    Order Commelinales
    Family Commelinaceae
    Family Mayacaceae
    Family Xyridaceae
    Family Rapateaceae
    Family Eriocaulaceae
    Order Hydatellales
    Family Hydatellaceae
    Order Cyperales
    Family Juncaceae
    Family Thurniaceae
    Family Cyperaceae
    Order Poales
    Family Flagellariaceae
    Family Joinvilleaceae
    Family Poaceae
    Family Ecdeiocolaceae
    Family Anarthriaceae
    Family Restionaceae
    Family Centrolepidaceae

Cyclanthiflorae

[edit]
  • Superorder Cyclanthiflorae 1 order p. 461
    Order Cyclanthales
    Family Cyclanthaceae

Areciflorae

[edit]
  • Superorder Areciflorae 1 order p. 467
    Order Arecales
    Family Arecaceae

Pandaniflorae

[edit]
  • Superorder Pandaniflorae 1 order p. 480
    Order Pandanales
    Family Pandanaceae

Notes

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Dahlgren 1975.
  2. ^ Dahlgren 1977.
  3. ^ Dahlgren 1980.
  4. ^ Dahlgren & Clifford 1982.
  5. ^ Dahlgren, Clifford & Yeo 1985.
  6. ^ Dahlgren 1989.
  7. ^ JL Reveal:Dahlgren System of Angiosperm Classification 1997

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Dahlgren, Gertrud (July 1989). "An updated angiosperm classification". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 100 (3): 197–203. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1989.tb01717.x.
  • Dahlgren, R. (1975). "A system of classification of angiosperms to be used to demonstrate the distribution of characters". Botaniska Notiser. 128: 119–147.
  • Dahlgren, Rolf (1977). A commentary on a diagrammatic presentation of the angiosperms in relation to the distribution of character states. pp. 253–284., in Kubitzki (1977)
  • Kubitzki, Klaus, ed. (1977). Flowering Plants : Evolution and classification of higher categories. Symposium, Hamburg, September 8–12, 1976. Plant Systematics & Evolution - Supplementum 1. Wien: Springer. p. 416. ISBN 978-3-211-81434-5. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
  • Dahlgren, R. M. T. (February 1980). "A revised system of classification of the angiosperms". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 80 (2): 91–124. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1980.tb01661.x.
  • Dahlgren, Rolf; Clifford, H. T. (1982). The monocotyledons: A comparative study. London and New York: Academic Press.
  • Dahlgren, R.M.; Clifford, H.T.; Yeo, P.F. (1985). The families of the monocotyledons. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-642-64903-5. Additional excerpts
  • v
  • t
  • e
List of systems of plant taxonomy
This is a selected list of the more influential systems. There are many other systems, for instance a review of earlier systems, published by Lindley in his 1853 edition, and Dahlgren (1982). Examples include the works of Scopoli, Ventenat, Batsch and Grisebach.
Pre-Linnaean
John Ray system (1686–1704)
  • A discourse on the seeds of plants
  • Methodus plantarum nova
  • De Variis Plantarum Methodis Dissertatio Brevis
  • Methodus plantarum emendata et aucta
Pre-Darwinian
Linnaean system (1735–51)
  • Systema Naturae
  • Species Plantarum
  • Genera Plantarum
  • Philosophia Botanica
Adanson system (1763)
Familles naturelles des plantes
De Jussieu system (1789)
Genera Plantarum, secundum ordines naturales disposita juxta methodum in Horto Regio Parisiensi exaratam
De Candolle system (1819–24)
  • Théorie élémentaire de la botanique, ou exposition des principes de la classification naturelle et de l'art de décrire et d'etudier les végétaux
  • Prodromus systemati naturalis regni vegetabilis sive enumeratio contracta ordinum, generum specierumque plantarum huc usque cognitarum, juxta methodi naturalis normas digesta
Berchtold and Presl
system (1820–1823)
O Prirozenosti Rostlin
Agardh system (1825)
Classes Plantarum
Gray system (1821)
The Natural Arrangement of British Plants
Perleb system (1826)
Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte des Pflanzenreichs
Dumortier system (1829)
Analyse des familles des plantes
Lindley system (1830–45)
  • An Introduction to the Natural System of Botany
  • The Vegetable Kingdom
Don system (1834)
General History of Dichlamydious Plants.
Bentham & Hooker system
(1862–83)
Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita.
Baillon system (1867–94)
Histoire des plantes
Post-Darwinian (Phyletic)
Nineteenth century
Eichler system (1875–1886)
  • Blüthendiagramme: construirt und erläutert
  • Syllabus der Vorlesungen über Phanerogamenkunde
Engler system (1886–1924)
  • Führer durch den Königlich botanischen Garten der Universität zu Breslau
  • Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien
  • Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien
  • Das Pflanzenreich
van Tieghem system (1891)
Traité de botanique
Twentieth century
Dalla Torre & Harms
system (1900–07)
Genera Siphonogamarum, ad systema Englerianum conscripta
Warming system (1912)
Haandbog i den systematiske botanik
Hallier system (1912)
L'origine et le système phylétique des angiospermes
Bessey system (1915)
The phylogenetic taxonomy of flowering plants
Wettstein system (1901–35)
Handbuch der systematischen Botanik
Lotsy system (1907–11)
Vorträge über botanische Stammesgeschichte, gehalten an der Reichsuniversität zu Leiden. Ein Lehrbuch der Pflanzensystematik.
Hutchinson system (1926–73)
The families of flowering plants, arranged according to a new system based on their probable phylogeny
Calestani system (1933)
Le origini e la classificazione delle Angiosperme
Kimura system (1956)
Système et phylogénie des monocotyledones
Emberger system (1960)
Traité de Botanique systématique
Melchior system (1964)
Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien
Takhtajan system (1966–97)
  • A system and phylogeny of the flowering plants
  • Flowering plants: origin and dispersal
  • Diversity and classification of flowering plants
Cronquist system (1968–81)
  • The evolution and classification of flowering plants
  • An integrated system of classification of flowering plants
Goldberg system (1986–89
Classification, Evolution and Phylogeny of the Families of Dicotyledons
Dahlgren system (1975–85)
The families of the monocotyledons: structure, evolution, and taxonomy
Thorne system (1968–2000)
An updated phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants
Kubitzki system (1990–)
The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants
Reveal system (1997)
Reveal System of Angiosperm Classification
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group System (1998–)
  • An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants (APG I)
  • An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II
  • An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III
    • Chase & Reveal System (2009)
  • An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV
  • Angiosperm Phylogeny Website
See also
Plantae at Wikispecies •
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