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Gavialosuchus - Wikipedia

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(Redirected from Gavialosuchus eggenburgensis)

Gavialosuchus Temporal range: Early Miocene, 20.4–16 Ma^[1] PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓

Gavialosuchus eggenburgensis skull
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Clade:	Archosauromorpha
Clade:	Archosauriformes
Order:	Crocodilia
Family:	Gavialidae
Genus:	†Gavialosuchus Toula and Kail, 1885
Type species
†Gavialosuchus eggenburgensis Toula and Kail, 1885

Gavialosuchus is an extinct genus of gavialoid crocodylian from the early Miocene of Europe. Currently only one species is recognized, as a few other species of Gavialosuchus have since been reclassified to other genera.

Taxonomy

The type species, G. eggenburgensis, is known from the early Miocene of Austria. Two other species - G. americanus and G. carolinensis - have since been reclassified to other genera.

Myrick Jr. (2001) proposed synonymizing Gavialosuchus americanus with Thecachampsa antiqua.^[2] Piras et al. (2007) advocated transferring both G. americanus and G. carolinensis to Thecachampsa as distinct species of the latter genus, however.^[3] Jouve et al. (2008) retained G. americanus in Gavialosuchus and found it to be the sister group of G. eggenburgensis (G. carolinensis was not discussed).^[4] However, Jouve et al. (2008) didn't test Thecachampsa antiqua in their phylogenetic analysis. Shan et al. (2009) found that G. americanus and G. eggenburgensis are not sister taxa. However, they didn't include T. antiqua and G. carolinensis in their analysis.^[5] Christopher A. Brochu and Glenn W. Storrs (2012) tested all four species, along with other crocodyloids, and found relatively strong support for Piras et al. (2007) suggestion.^[6] Weems (2018) agreed with Piras et al. (2007) and Brochu & Storrs (2012) at americanus and carolinensis are part of Thecachampsa.^[7]

Below is a cladogram based morphological studies comparing skeletal features that shows Gavialosuchus as a member of Tomistominae, related to the false gharial:^[8]

Crocodylidae

Crocodylinae

Tomistominae

Xaymacachampsa†

Megadontosuchus†

Kentisuchus†

Maroccosuchus†

Dollosuchoides†

Thecachampsa†

	Penghusuchus†

	Toyotamaphimeia†

Tomistoma cairense†

Maomingosuchus†

Tomistoma schlegelii False gharial

	Gavialosuchus†

	Tomistoma lusitanicum†

	Paratomistoma†

	Tomistoma coppensi†

Based on morphological studies of extinct taxa, the tomistomines (including the living false gharial) were long thought to be classified as crocodiles and not closely related to gavialoids.^[9] However, recent molecular studies using DNA sequencing have consistently indicated that the false gharial (Tomistoma) (and by inference other related extinct forms in Tomistominae) actually belong to Gavialoidea.^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16]

Below is a cladogram from a 2018 tip dating study by Lee & Yates simultaneously using morphological, molecular (DNA sequencing), and stratigraphic (fossil age) data that shows Gavialosuchus as a gavialid, related to both the gharial and the false gharial:^[15]

Gavialidae

	Gavialis gangeticus Gharial

	Gavialis bengawanicus†

Gavialis browni†

Gryposuchus colombianus†

Ikanogavialis†

	Gryposuchus pachakamue†

	Piscogavialis†

Harpacochampsa†

	Toyotamaphimeia†

	Penghusuchus†

Gavialosuchus†

	Tomistoma lusitanicum†

	Tomistoma schlegelii False gharial

Ecology

Unlike its modern fresh water relatives, Gavialosuchus was an estuarine and coastal water crocodilian, living in shallow marine waters.

References

^ Rio, Jonathan P.; Mannion, Philip D. (6 September 2021). "Phylogenetic analysis of a new morphological dataset elucidates the evolutionary history of Crocodylia and resolves the long-standing gharial problem". PeerJ. 9: e12094. doi:10.7717/peerj.12094. PMC 8428266. PMID 34567843.
^ Myrick, A.C. Jr. (2001). "Thecachampsa antiqua (Leidy, 1852) (Crocodylidae: Thoracosaurinae) from the fossil marine deposits at Lee Creek Mine, Aurora, North Carolina, USA". Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology. 90: 219–225.
^ Piras, P.; Delfino, M.; Del Favero, L.; Kotsakis, T. (2007). "Phylogenetic position of the crocodylian Megadontosuchus arduini and tomistomine palaeobiogeography" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 52 (2): 315–328.
^ Jouve, Stéphane; Bardet, Nathalie; Jalil, Nour-Eddine; Suberbiola, Xabier Pereda; Bouya; Baâda; Amaghzaz, Mbarek (2008). "The oldest African crocodylian: phylogeny, paleobiogeography, and differential survivorship of marine reptiles through the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 28 (2): 409–421. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[409:TOACPP]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 86503283.
^ Shan, Hsi-yin; Wu, Xiao-chun; Cheng, Yen-nien; Sato, Tamaki (2009). "A new tomistomine (Crocodylia) from the Miocene of Taiwan". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 46 (7): 529–555. Bibcode:2009CaJES..46..529S. doi:10.1139/E09-036.
^ Brochu, C. A.; Storrs, G. W. (2012). "A giant crocodile from the Plio-Pleistocene of Kenya, the phylogenetic relationships of Neogene African crocodylines, and the antiquity of Crocodylus in Africa". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 32 (3): 587. doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.652324. S2CID 85103427.
^ Weems, Robert E. (2018). "Crocodilians of the Calvert Cliffs". In Stephen J. Godfrey (ed.). The Geology and Vertebrate Paleontology of Calvert Cliffs, Maryland, USA. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology. Vol. 100. pp. 213–240. doi:10.5479/si.1943-6688.100.
^ Iijima, Masaya; Momohara, Arata; Kobayashi, Yoshitsugu; Hayashi, Shoji; Ikeda, Tadahiro; Taruno, Hiroyuki; Watanabe, Katsunori; Tanimoto, Masahiro; Furui, Sora (2018-05-01). "Toyotamaphimeia cf. machikanensis (Crocodylia, Tomistominae) from the Middle Pleistocene of Osaka, Japan, and crocodylian survivorship through the Pliocene-Pleistocene climatic oscillations". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 496: 346–360. Bibcode:2018PPP...496..346I. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.02.002.
^ Brochu, C.A.; Gingerich, P.D. (2000). "New tomistomine crocodylian from the Middle Eocene (Bartonian) of Wadi Hitan, Fayum Province, Egypt". University of Michigan Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology. 30 (10): 251–268.
^ Harshman, J.; Huddleston, C. J.; Bollback, J. P.; Parsons, T. J.; Braun, M. J. (2003). "True and false gharials: A nuclear gene phylogeny of crocodylia" (PDF). Systematic Biology. 52 (3): 386–402. doi:10.1080/10635150309323. PMID 12775527. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 2021-06-29.
^ Gatesy, Jorge; Amato, G.; Norell, M.; DeSalle, R.; Hayashi, C. (2003). "Combined support for wholesale taxic atavism in gavialine crocodylians" (PDF). Systematic Biology. 52 (3): 403–422. doi:10.1080/10635150309329. PMID 12775528.
^ Willis, R. E.; McAliley, L. R.; Neeley, E. D.; Densmore Ld, L. D. (June 2007). "Evidence for placing the false gharial (Tomistoma schlegelii) into the family Gavialidae: Inferences from nuclear gene sequences". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 43 (3): 787–794. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.02.005. PMID 17433721.
^ Gatesy, J.; Amato, G. (2008). "The rapid accumulation of consistent molecular support for intergeneric crocodylian relationships". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 48 (3): 1232–1237. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.02.009. PMID 18372192.
^ Erickson, G. M.; Gignac, P. M.; Steppan, S. J.; Lappin, A. K.; Vliet, K. A.; Brueggen, J. A.; Inouye, B. D.; Kledzik, D.; Webb, G. J. W. (2012). Claessens, Leon (ed.). "Insights into the ecology and evolutionary success of crocodilians revealed through bite-force and tooth-pressure experimentation". PLOS ONE. 7 (3): e31781. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...731781E. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0031781. PMC 3303775. PMID 22431965.
^ ^a ^b Michael S. Y. Lee; Adam M. Yates (27 June 2018). "Tip-dating and homoplasy: reconciling the shallow molecular divergences of modern gharials with their long fossil". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 285 (1881). doi:10.1098/rspb.2018.1071. PMC 6030529. PMID 30051855.
^ Hekkala, E.; Gatesy, J.; Narechania, A.; Meredith, R.; Russello, M.; Aardema, M. L.; Jensen, E.; Montanari, S.; Brochu, C.; Norell, M.; Amato, G. (2021-04-27). "Paleogenomics illuminates the evolutionary history of the extinct Holocene "horned" crocodile of Madagascar, Voay robustus". Communications Biology. 4 (1): 505. doi:10.1038/s42003-021-02017-0. PMC 8079395. PMID 33907305.

Extinct crocodilians

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Sauropsida
Clade: Pseudosuchia
Clade: Eusuchia

Pseudosuchia

- see Pseudosuchia

Neosuchia

see Neosuchia
Crocodilia	see below↓

Basal crocodilians

Mekosuchinae	Australosuchus? Baru Harpacochampsa? Kalthifrons Kambara Mekosuchus Paludirex Quinkana? Trilophosuchus Ultrastenos Volia
Others	Albertosuchus Arenysuchus? Asiatosuchus Borealosuchus? Brachyuranochampsa Charactosuchus "Crocodylus" acer "Crocodylus" affinis Portugalosuchus? Pristichampsus? Prodiplocynodon Planocraniidae?

Alligatoroidea

Globidonta

Albertochampsa Arambourgia Brachychampsa Ceratosuchus Deinosuchus? Eocaiman Hassiacosuchus Leidyosuchus? Navajosuchus Procaimanoidea? Stangerochampsa
Orientalosuchina	Dongnanosuchus Eoalligator Eurycephalosuchus Jiangxisuchus Krabisuchus Orientalosuchus Protoalligator

Alligatoridae

Alligatorinae

Akanthosuchus? Allognathosuchus Arambourgia? Ceratosuchus? Chrysochampsa Hassiacosuchus? Navajosuchus? Procaimanoidea? Wannaganosuchus?
Alligator	A. hailensis A. mcgrewi A. mefferdi A. munensis A. olseni A. prenasalis A. thomsoni

Caimaninae

Acresuchus Bottosaurus Brachychampsa? Centenariosuchus Ceratosuchus? Chinatichampsus Culebrasuchus Eocaiman? Globidentosuchus Gnatusuchus Kuttanacaiman Mourasuchus Necrosuchus Orthogenysuchus Paranacaiman Paranasuchus Protocaiman Purussaurus Stangerochampsa? Tsoabichi Wannaganosuchus?
Melanosuchus	M. fisheri M. latrubessei
Caiman	C. australis C. brevirostris C. gasparinae C. venezuelensis C. wannlangstoni

"Crocodylus" megarhinus? Kinyang? Quinkana? Tzaganosuchus? Voay
Crocodylus	C. anthropophagus C. checchiai C. falconensis C. palaeindicus C. thorbjarnarsoni

Gavialoidea

Gavialidae

Sacacosuchus

Tomistominae
sensu stricto

Brasilosuchus? Gavialosuchus? Melitosaurus Paratomistoma? Thecachampsa?
Tomistoma	T. calaritanum? T. gaudense? T. lusitanicum? T. taiwanicum?

Gavialinae
sensu lato

Aktiogavialis Dadagavialis Gavialosuchus? Gryposuchus Hanyusuchus Harpacochampsa? Hesperogavialis Ikanogavialis Maomingosuchus? Paratomistoma? Penghusuchus Piscogavialis Rhamphosuchus Siquisiquesuchus Sutekhsuchus "Tomistoma" cairense? "Tomistoma" coppensi Toyotamaphimeia
Gavialis	G. bengawanicus G. breviceps? G. browni? G. curvirostris? G. leptodus? G. lewisi? G. pachyrhynchus? G. papuensis?

See also: Brevirostres
Gryposuchinae

Taxon identifiers
Gavialosuchus	Wikidata: Q1886216 EoL: 4472732 GBIF: 4822304 IRMNG: 1125404 Open Tree of Life: 4947980 Paleobiology Database: 38416
Gavialosuchus eggenburgensis	Wikidata: Q20718148 EoL: 42335082 GBIF: 8470010 Open Tree of Life: 6150092 Paleobiology Database: 266454

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