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Leshansaurus - Wikipedia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Leshansaurus Temporal range: Late Jurassic, 161.2–155.7 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N

Skull reconstruction showing known material (white and light grey)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Dinosauria
Clade:	Saurischia
Clade:	Theropoda
Family:	†Megalosauridae
Subfamily:	†Afrovenatorinae
Genus:	†Leshansaurus Li et al., 2009
Type species
†Leshansaurus qianweiensis Li et al., 2009

Leshansaurus is a genus of theropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic Shaximiao Formation of what is now China. It was described in 2009 by a team of Chinese paleontologists. The type species is Leshansaurus qianweiensis. Fossils of Leshansaurus were discovered in strata from the Shangshaximiao Formation, a formation rich in dinosaur fossils. Li et al. referred this taxon to Sinraptoridae – a group of carnosaurian theropods,^[1] but it may belong to Megalosauridae instead.^[2]

Discovery and naming

Size of Leshansaurus qianweiensis

The holotype (QW 200701) was found in 2007. It is a fairly complete skeleton consisting of a partial skull and lower jaws, seven cervical vertebrae, twelve dorsal vertebrae, five sacral vertebrae, two caudal vertebrae, and much of the hind limbs and hands. A second specimen (QW 200702), an isolated femur from a juvenile, has been designated as the paratype.

Leshansaurus qianweiensis was named and described in 2009 by Li Fei, Peng Guangzhao, Ye Yong, Jiang Shan, and Huang Daxi. The generic name refers to Leshan, a nearby city in Sichuan, China, and the specific epithet refers to Qianwei, the county in which the fossils were found.

Description

Leshansaurus was a medium-sized theropod that would have had a length of six to seven meters, and a hip height of about one and a half meters.

Leshansaurus has an elongated skull that is broader towards the front. The femur has a length of 62 centimeters, and the tibia has a length of 52 centimeters. Its autapomorphies (unique characteristics) are the possession of a sharp central ridge on the supraoccipital (the bone above the occipital), elongated frontal bones that are 2.86 times as long as they are wide, slender basipterygoid projections on the basisphenoid, a bone of the lower braincase, an atlas intercentrum that is horseshoe-shaped in cross-section, slender diapophyses, thin spines of the dorsal vertebrae and sacral vertebrae, the possession of a clear keel at the bottom of the sacral vertebrae, and an ilium with on the inner side a distinct ridge along the edge of the hip joint.

Phylogeny

The describers placed Leshansaurus in the Sinraptoridae, but they did not carry out a cladistic analysis. An analysis by Matthew Carrano in 2012 found it to be a member of the megalosaurid Afrovenatorinae, as sister species of Piveteausaurus, a taxon known only from a braincase nearly identical to that of Leshansaurus. The phylogenetic position of Leshansaurus according to Carrano et al. (2012) is shown by this cladogram:^[3]

	Eustreptospondylus

Megalosaurinae

Duriavenator

	Megalosaurus

	Torvosaurus

Afrovenatorinae

Afrovenator

	Dubreuillosaurus

	Magnosaurus

	Leshansaurus

	Piveteausaurus

References

^ F. Li; Peng G.; Ye Y.; Jiang S.; and Huang, D. (2009). "A new carnosaur from the Late Jurassic of Qianwei, Sichuan, China". Acta Geologica Sinica 83(9): 1203–1213. Abstract.
^ Mortimer, M. "Leshansaurus qianweiensis". The Theropod Database. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
^ M.T. Carrano, R.B.J. Benson, and S.D. Sampson, 2012, "The phylogeny of Tetanurae (Dinosauria: Theropoda)", Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 10(2): 211-300

Theropoda

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Sauropsida
Clade: Avemetatarsalia
Clade: Dinosauria

Avemetatarsalia

see Avemetatarsalia
Theropoda	see below↓

Theropoda

Neotheropoda

Coelophysoidea

Dracoraptor? Panguraptor Pendraig Podokesaurus Powellvenator
Coelophysidae	Camposaurus Coelophysis Lucianovenator Megapnosaurus? Panguraptor? Procompsognathus Pterospondylus? Segisaurus

Averostra

- see below↓

Dubious neotheropods

Teinurosaurus
Halticosaurus

Averostra

Dornraptor
Lophostropheus?

Ceratosauria

Berberosaurus Fosterovenator? Jubbulpuria Lukousaurus? Saltriovenator
Ceratosauridae	Ceratosaurus Genyodectes

Abelisauroidea

Noasauridae

Afromimus? Austrocheirus? Berthasaura Compsosuchus? Dahalokely? Deltadromeus? Genusaurus? Kiyacursor Ligabueino Spinostropheus
Elaphrosaurinae	Elaphrosaurus Huinculsaurus Limusaurus
Noasaurinae	Laevisuchus Masiakasaurus Noasaurus Velocisaurus Vespersaurus

Abelisauridae

Majungasaurinae

Carnotaurinae

Majungasaurinae?

Brachyrostra

Dahalokely? Ekrixinatosaurus Elemgasem Guemesia Ilokelesia Llukalkan Niebla Rahiolisaurus? Skorpiovenator Thanos
Furileusauria	Abelisaurus Aucasaurus Caletodraco Carnotaurus Elemgasem? Koleken Pycnonemosaurus Quilmesaurus Viavenator

Tetanurae	see below↓

Tetanurae

Orionides

Megalosauroidea

Yunyangosaurus
Piatnitzkysauridae	Condorraptor Marshosaurus Piatnitzkysaurus Xuanhanosaurus?

Megalosauria

Streptospondylus?

Megalosauridae

Eustreptospondylus
Megalosaurinae	Duriavenator Megalosaurus Torvosaurus Wiehenvenator
Afrovenatorinae	Afrovenator Dubreuillosaurus Leshansaurus Magnosaurus Piveteausaurus Poekilopleuron?

Spinosauridae

Baryonychinae

Baryonyx Protathlitis Riojavenatrix Suchosaurus? Vallibonavenatrix?
Ceratosuchopsini	Ceratosuchops Riparovenator Suchomimus

Spinosaurinae

Camarillasaurus? Ichthyovenator Irritator Oxalaia Siamosaurus
Spinosaurini	Sigilmassasaurus Spinosaurus

Avetheropoda	see below↓

Avetheropoda

Gasosaurus?
Lourinhanosaurus?

Carnosauria

Allosauroidea

Metriacanthosauridae

Xuanhanosaurus? Yangchuanosaurus
Metriacanthosaurinae	Alpkarakush Metriacanthosaurus Shidaisaurus Siamotyrannus Sinraptor

Carcharodontosauridae

Carcharodontosaurinae

Carcharodontosaurus
Giganotosaurini	Giganotosaurus Mapusaurus Meraxes Taurovenator Tyrannotitan

Megaraptora?

Aoniraptor Bahariasaurus? Deltadromeus? Fukuiraptor Phuwiangvenator Rapator Siats? Chilantaisaurus?
Megaraptoridae	Aerosteon Australovenator Maip Megaraptor Murusraptor Orkoraptor Tratayenia

Coelurosauria

- see below↓

Coelurosauria

Tyrannoraptora

Tyrannosauroidea

Chingkankousaurus Labocania?
Coeluridae?	Coelurus Tanycolagreus?
Proceratosauridae	Guanlong Kileskus Proceratosaurus Sinotyrannus Yutyrannus

Albertosaurus
Gorgosaurus

Tyrannosaurinae

Asiatyrannus Nanuqsaurus
Alioramini	Alioramus Qianzhousaurus
Daspletosaurini	Daspletosaurus Thanatotheristes
Teratophoneini	Bistahieversor? Dynamoterror Labocania? Lythronax Teratophoneus
Tyrannosaurini	Tarbosaurus Tyrannosaurus Zhuchengtyrannus

Maniraptoromorpha	see below↓

Dubious coelurosaurs	Iliosuchus Kakuru Phaedrolosaurus Shanyangosaurus

Maniraptoromorpha

Neocoelurosauria

Aniksosaurus
Compsognathidae	Aniksosaurus? Aristosuchus Beipiaognathus? Compsognathus Huaxiagnathus Mirischia Scipionyx? Sinocalliopteryx Sinosauropteryx Xunmenglong

Maniraptoriformes

Compsognathidae?

Ornithomimosauria

Macrocheiriformes

Harpymimus Pelecanimimus Shenzhousaurus
Deinocheiridae	Beishanlong Deinocheirus Garudimimus Harpymimus? Paraxenisaurus? Tyrannomimus
Ornithomimidae	Aepyornithomimus Anserimimus Archaeornithomimus "Coelosaurus" Dromiceiomimus Gallimimus Ornithomimus Qiupalong Rativates Sinornithomimus Struthiomimus Tototlmimus

Maniraptora

- see Maniraptora
- includes birds

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