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Portal:European Union - Wikipedia

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The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of 27 member states that are located primarily in Europe. The Union has a total area of 4,233,255 km² (1,634,469 sq mi) and an estimated total population of over 449 million. The EU has often been described as a sui generis political entity combining the characteristics of both a federation and a confederation.

Containing 5.8% of the world population in 2020, EU member states generated a nominal gross domestic product (GDP) of around US$16.6 trillion in 2022, constituting approximately one sixth of global nominal GDP. Additionally, all EU states except Bulgaria have a very high Human Development Index according to the United Nations Development Programme. Its cornerstone, the Customs Union, paved the way to establishing an internal single market based on standardised legal framework and legislation that applies in all member states in those matters, and only those matters, where the states have agreed to act as one. EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services and capital within the internal market; enact legislation in justice and home affairs; and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries and regional development. Passport controls have been abolished for travel within the Schengen Area. The eurozone is a group composed of the 20 EU member states that have fully implemented the economic and monetary union and use the euro currency. Through the Common Foreign and Security Policy, the union has developed a role in external relations and defence. It maintains permanent diplomatic missions throughout the world and represents itself at the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the G7 and the G20. Due to its global influence, the European Union has been described by some scholars as an emerging superpower.

In 2012, the EU was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. The United Kingdom became the only member state to leave the EU, in 2020; ten countries are aspiring or negotiating to join it. (Full article...)

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The Treaty of Lisbon or Lisbon Treaty (initially known as the Reform Treaty) is an international agreement which amends the two treaties which form the constitutional basis of the European Union (EU). The Lisbon Treaty was signed by the EU member states on 13 December 2007, and entered into force on 1 December 2009. It amends the Maastricht Treaty (also known as the Treaty on European Union) and the Treaty establishing the European Community (TEC; also known as the Treaty of Rome). In this process, the Rome Treaty was renamed to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU).

Prominent changes included the move from unanimity to qualified majority voting in several policy areas in the Council of Ministers, a change in calculating such a majority to a new double majority, a more powerful European Parliament forming a bicameral legislature alongside the Council of ministers under the ordinary legislative procedure, a consolidated legal personality for the EU and the creation of a long-term President of the European Council and a High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy. The Treaty also made the Union's bill of rights, the Charter of Fundamental Rights, legally binding.

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Hall of Mirrors

Photograph: Myrabella

The Hall of Mirrors is the central gallery of the Palace of Versailles in Versailles, France. Construction of the room began in 1678, lasting until 1684. It has since been used for various state functions, including the signing of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919.

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Did you know?

...that France possesses the largest exclusive economic zone (EEZ) in the world?

...that Monaco, San Marino, and Vatican City all mint their own euro coins, with their own national symbols on the back?

...that Turkey's two most famous weightlifters, Naim Suleymanoglu and Halil Mutlu are only two of four weightlifters in the world to have won 3 gold medals in 3 olympics?

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The city of Luxembourg, commonly known as Luxembourg City, is a commune with city status, and the capital of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. It is located at the confluence of the Alzette and Pétrusse rivers in southern Luxembourg

As of 2005^[update], the commune of Luxembourg City has a population of 76,420, which is almost three times the population of the second most populous commune. The city's metropolitan population, including that of surrounding communes of Hesperange, Sandweiler, Strassen, and Walferdange, is 103,973. Luxembourg City lies at the heart of Western Europe, situated 188 km (117 miles) from Brussels, 289 km (179 miles) from Paris, 190 km (118 miles) from Cologne. Luxembourg City is one of the wealthiest cities in the world, having developed into a banking and administrative centre. Luxembourg is a seat of several institutions of the European Union, including the European Court of Justice, the European Court of Auditors, and the European Investment Bank.

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General images

The following are images from various European Union-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1The Euro symbol shown as a sculpture outside the European Central Bank (from Symbols of the European Union)
Image 2Europa regina in Sebastian Münster's "Cosmographia", 1570 (from History of the European Union)
Image 3The population density of the EU is 106 people per km². Note that the lights in the North Sea are from oil platforms. (from Demographics of the European Union)
Image 4Newest state in yellow (from History of the European Union)
Image 5The flag of Europe, emblem of both the Council of Europe and the European Union. (from Symbols of the European Union)
Image 6Winston Churchill (right, during the Atlantic Conference), consistent advocate of continential European integration, later along with his son-in-law Duncan Sandys (from History of the European Union)
Image 7Population pyramid of the EU 27 in 2023 (from Demographics of the European Union)
Image 8Boris Johnson Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2019 to 2022 (from History of the European Union)
Image 9Logo of the European Court of Auditors (from Symbols of the European Union)
Image 10Organigram of the political system. The seven organs of the Union are in blue, national / intergovernmental elements in orange. (from Politics of the European Union)
Image 11Kaja Kallas, High Representative Vice President (from Politics of the European Union)
Image 12Signatories of the 2007 declaration in dark blue. (from Symbols of the European Union)
Image 13Logo of the European Central Bank (from Symbols of the European Union)
Image 14Meeting in the Hall of Knights in The Hague, during the Congress of Europe (9 May 1948) (from History of the European Union)
Image 15Aristide Briand (from History of the European Union)
Image 16A piece from the original manuscript. (from Symbols of the European Union)
Image 17The fertility rate in the EU was 1.46 in 2022 (Kindergarten in France). (from Demographics of the European Union)
Image 18Political groups of the European Parliament in the Louise Weiss building after the election 2024:
  Group of the European People's Party (EPP)
  Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D)
  Patriots for Europe (PfE)
  European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR)
  Renew Europe (Renew)
  The Greens–European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA)
  The Left in the European Parliament – GUE/NGL (The Left)
  Europe of Sovereign Nations (ESN)
  Non-Inscrits (NI)
  Vacant (1)
(from Politics of the European Union)
Image 191922 European flag of the Paneuropean Union (from History of the European Union)
Image 20Logo of the European Council and the Council of the European Union (from Symbols of the European Union)
Image 21A cartogram depicting the population distribution between old EU-27 member states in 2008 (including the UK and excluding Croatia). 57.8% of all citizens of the EU live in the four largest member states: Germany, France, Italy, and Spain. (from Demographics of the European Union)
Image 22Konrad Adenauer, Walter Hallstein and Antonio Segni, signing the European customs union and Euratom in Rome in 1957 (from History of the European Union)
Image 23Ursula von der Leyen President of the European Commission
(since 1 December 2019) (from History of the European Union)
Image 24Coins and banknotes of the Euro, the single-currency introduced from 1999 (from History of the European Union)
Image 25After two devastating world wars, the political climate favoured an international unity that could preserve peace in Europe effectively (Hamburg, after a massive Allied bombing in 1943 in the picture). (from History of the European Union)
Image 26The European Coal and Steel Community's flag. (from Symbols of the European Union)
Image 27Logo of the Court of Justice of the European Union (from Symbols of the European Union)
Image 28Elaboration by sex (from Demographics of the European Union)
Image 29Percentage responding that their country on balance benefited from being a member of the EU at Eurobarometer 2023:

  91–100%

  81–90%

  71–80%

  61–70%

  51–60%

(from Politics of the European Union)
Image 30The ordinary legislative procedure of the European Union (from Politics of the European Union)
Image 31Flag of the Western Union (from History of the European Union)
Image 32The Frankish Empire at its greatest extent, ca. 814 AD (from History of the European Union)
Image 33The Schuman Parade in Warsaw has been organised by the Schuman Foundation since 1999 (2008 photograph). (from Symbols of the European Union)
Image 34José Manuel Barroso President of the European Commission (2004-2014) (from History of the European Union)
Image 35Logo of the European Parliament (from Symbols of the European Union)
Image 36Logo of the European Commission (from Symbols of the European Union)
Image 37Life expectancy and healthy life expectancy in the European Union in 2019 (from Demographics of the European Union)

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European Union articles

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European Communities (1967–2009)

International Authority for the Ruhr (1949–1951) European Coal and Steel Community (1951–2002)
European Economic Community (1958–1993) European Community (1993–2009)
European Atomic Energy Community (est. 1958)

Legislature	European Parliament President Vice-Presidents Secretariat Committees Elections Constituencies Political groups European political parties European political foundations Council of the European Union Presidency General Secretariat Eurogroup
Executive	European Council President Euro summit European Commission President Vice-Presidents Commissioners Directorates-General
Judiciary	Court of Justice of the European Union Court of Justice General Court
Central bank	European Central Bank President System of Central Banks Eurosystem
Supreme audit institution	European Court of Auditors Secretary-General

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Concepts	European integration Eurosphere Intergovernmentalism Multi-speed Europe Neofunctionalism Optimum currency area Supranational union Euroscepticism Euromyths Federalisation Pro-Europeanism Democratic legitimacy Differentiated integration Privileged partnership Potential superpower status
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Foreign relations	Neighbourhood Policy European Economic Area EEA Joint Committee Energy Community European Political Community European Common Aviation Area European Higher Education Area EU/ESA Framework Agreement EU/ESA Space Council European Peace Facility Economic Partnership Agreements European Union Association Agreement Stabilisation and Association Process Eastern Partnership Euronest Parliamentary Assembly EU Gateway Programme EU Strategy for the South Caucasus Northern Dimension Union for the Mediterranean Global Strategy Free trade agreements Enlargement Current agenda Statistics