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Genusaurus - Wikipedia

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(Redirected from Genusaurus sisteronis)

Genusaurus Temporal range: Early Cretaceous, 106 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Dinosauria
Clade:	Saurischia
Clade:	Theropoda
Superfamily:	†Abelisauroidea
Family:	†Abelisauridae
Genus:	†Genusaurus Accarie et al., 1995
Species:	†G. sisteronis
Binomial name
†Genusaurus sisteronis Accarie et al., 1995

Genusaurus (/ˌdʒɛnjʊˈsɔːrəs/ JEN-yuu-SOR-əs;^[1] meaning "knee lizard") is a genus of abelisaurid theropod from the Early Cretaceous. Its fossils were found in France. Genusaurus is believed to have lived during the Albian stage, around 112-100 million years ago.^[2]^[3]

Description

Genusaurus possesses several distinguishing traits. The dorsal vertebrae are elongated. The elements of the pelvis are strongly fused. The thighbone shows a low bone plateau below the major trochanter; to the front an accessory trochanter is present. The epicondyle of the inner femoral condyle is well-developed. The cnemial crest strongly extends to the front and is curved upwards. The fibula has a distinctive boss serving as an attachment for the Musculus iliofibularis. The upper inner side of the fibula is strongly hollowed out.^[4]

Size

Genusaurus was originally estimated to have been 3.16 metres (10.4 ft) long. From the 38 centimetres (15 in) thighbone, a weight of 129.6 kilograms (286 lb) was extrapolated.^[4] Later estimates, while confirming the length of 3 metres (9.8 ft),^[2] have reduced the weight to 50 kilograms (110 lb),^[5] or even 35 kilograms (77 lb).^[6] In 2016, its length was estimated at 3.6 metres (12 ft), making it the smallest abelisaurid.^[7]

Discovery and naming

The type species, Genusaurus sisteronis, is the only named species. It is based on a partial skeleton found in 1984-1986 in the Albian Bevons Beds, holotype MNHN Bev.1. The holotype contains seven partial dorsal vertebrae, a piece of a sacral, a piece of an ilium, the top of a pubic bone, a thighbone, the top of a shinbone, the top of a fibula and a metatarsal. It was named and described by Hugues Accarie, Bernard Beaudoin, Jean Dejax, Gérard Friès, Jean-Guy Michard and Philippe Taquet in 1995.^[4] The genus name is derived from the Latin word genu (knee) and refers to the cnemial crest in front of the proximal end of the tibia.^[4] The specific name refers to Sisteron, the town near which the specimen was found.^[4]

Classification

Accarie et al. assigned Genusaurus to the ceratosaur group of theropods, more precisely to the Coelophysoidea.^[4] A 2008 cladistic analysis by Carrano and Sampson placed Genusaurus in the Noasauridae along with Laevisuchus, Masiakasaurus, Noasaurus, and Velocisaurus; in turn, noasaurids are part of the Abelisauroidea group, which is part of the ceratosaur group.^[3] Subsequent phylogenetic analyses found Genusaurus to be either a member of the Noasauridae or Abelisauridae.^[8]^[9]^[10]

References

^ Creisler, Ben (July 7, 2003). "Dinosauria Translation and Pronunciation Guide G". Archived from the original on December 25, 2010. Retrieved December 7, 2012.
^ ^a ^b Holtz, Thomas R. Jr. (2007). Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages. New York: Random House. Genus list "last updated August 1, 2008". ISBN 978-0-375-82419-7.
^ ^a ^b Carrano, Matthew T.; Sampson, Scott D. (2007). "The Phylogeny of Ceratosauria (Dinosauria: Theropoda)" (PDF). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 6 (2): 183–236. doi:10.1017/S1477201907002246. S2CID 30068953.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Accarie, H., B. Beaudoin, J. Dejax, G. Fries, J.C. Michard, and P. Taquet (1995). "Découverte d'un Dinosaure théropode nouveau (Genusaurus sisteronis n. g., n. sp.) dans l'Albien marin de Sisteron (Alpes de Haute-Provence, France) et extension au Crétacé inférieur de la lignée cératosaurienne". Compte rendu hebdomadaire des scéances de l'Académie des Sciences à Paris. 320 (2): 327-334 Translation into English.
^ Montague, J. R. (2006). "Estimates of body size and geological time of origin for 612 dinosaur genera (Saurischia, Ornithischia)". Florida Scientist. 69 (4): 243–257.
^ Paul, G.S., 2010, The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs, Princeton University Press p. 78
^ Grillo, O. N.; Delcourt, R. (2016). "Allometry and body length of abelisauroid theropods: Pycnonemosaurus nevesi is the new king". Cretaceous Research. 69: 71–89. Bibcode:2017CrRes..69...71G. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2016.09.001.
^ Wang, S.; Stiegler, J.; Amiot, R.; Wang, X.; Du, G.-H.; Clark, J.M.; Xu, X. (2017). "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod" (PDF). Current Biology. 27 (1): 144–148. Bibcode:2017CBio...27..144W. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043. PMID 28017609.
^ Leonardo S. Filippi; Ariel H. Méndez; Rubén D. Juárez Valieri; Alberto C. Garrido (2016). "A new brachyrostran with hypertrophied axial structures reveals an unexpected radiation of latest Cretaceous abelisaurids". Cretaceous Research. 61: 209–219. Bibcode:2016CrRes..61..209F. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2015.12.018. hdl:11336/149906.
^ Baiano, M. A.; Coria, R.; Chiappe, L. M.; Zurriaguz, V.; Coria, L. (2023). "Osteology of the axial skeleton of Aucasaurus garridoi: phylogenetic and paleobiological inferences". PeerJ. 11. e16236. doi:10.7717/peerj.16236. PMC 10655716. PMID 38025666.

External links

"Our Exhibitions: Genusaurus sisteronis" (in French) at the Réserve Naturelle Géologique de Haute-Provence, France.

Theropoda

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Sauropsida
Clade: Avemetatarsalia
Clade: Dinosauria

Avemetatarsalia

see Avemetatarsalia
Theropoda	see below↓

Theropoda

Neotheropoda

Coelophysoidea

Dracoraptor? Panguraptor Pendraig Podokesaurus Powellvenator
Coelophysidae	Camposaurus Coelophysis Lucianovenator Megapnosaurus? Panguraptor? Procompsognathus Pterospondylus? Segisaurus

Averostra

- see below↓

Dubious neotheropods

Teinurosaurus
Halticosaurus

Averostra

Dornraptor
Lophostropheus?

Ceratosauria

Berberosaurus Fosterovenator? Jubbulpuria Lukousaurus? Saltriovenator
Ceratosauridae	Ceratosaurus Genyodectes

Abelisauroidea

Noasauridae

Afromimus? Austrocheirus? Berthasaura Compsosuchus? Dahalokely? Deltadromeus? Genusaurus? Kiyacursor Ligabueino Spinostropheus
Elaphrosaurinae	Elaphrosaurus Huinculsaurus Limusaurus
Noasaurinae	Laevisuchus Masiakasaurus Noasaurus Velocisaurus Vespersaurus

Abelisauridae

Majungasaurinae

Carnotaurinae

Majungasaurinae?

Brachyrostra

Dahalokely? Ekrixinatosaurus Elemgasem Guemesia Ilokelesia Llukalkan Niebla Rahiolisaurus? Skorpiovenator Thanos
Furileusauria	Abelisaurus Aucasaurus Caletodraco Carnotaurus Elemgasem? Koleken Pycnonemosaurus Quilmesaurus Viavenator

Tetanurae	see below↓

Tetanurae

Orionides

Megalosauroidea

Yunyangosaurus
Piatnitzkysauridae	Condorraptor Marshosaurus Piatnitzkysaurus Xuanhanosaurus?

Megalosauria

Streptospondylus?

Megalosauridae

Eustreptospondylus
Megalosaurinae	Duriavenator Megalosaurus Torvosaurus Wiehenvenator
Afrovenatorinae	Afrovenator Dubreuillosaurus Leshansaurus Magnosaurus Piveteausaurus Poekilopleuron?

Spinosauridae

Baryonychinae

Baryonyx Protathlitis Riojavenatrix Suchosaurus? Vallibonavenatrix?
Ceratosuchopsini	Ceratosuchops Riparovenator Suchomimus

Spinosaurinae

Camarillasaurus? Ichthyovenator Irritator Oxalaia Siamosaurus
Spinosaurini	Sigilmassasaurus Spinosaurus

Avetheropoda	see below↓

Avetheropoda

Gasosaurus?
Lourinhanosaurus?

Carnosauria

Allosauroidea

Metriacanthosauridae

Xuanhanosaurus? Yangchuanosaurus
Metriacanthosaurinae	Alpkarakush Metriacanthosaurus Shidaisaurus Siamotyrannus Sinraptor

Carcharodontosauridae

Carcharodontosaurinae

Carcharodontosaurus
Giganotosaurini	Giganotosaurus Mapusaurus Meraxes Taurovenator Tyrannotitan

Megaraptora?

Aoniraptor Bahariasaurus? Deltadromeus? Fukuiraptor Phuwiangvenator Rapator Siats? Chilantaisaurus?
Megaraptoridae	Aerosteon Australovenator Maip Megaraptor Murusraptor Orkoraptor Tratayenia

Coelurosauria

- see below↓

Coelurosauria

Tyrannoraptora

Tyrannosauroidea

Chingkankousaurus Labocania?
Coeluridae?	Coelurus Tanycolagreus?
Proceratosauridae	Guanlong Kileskus Proceratosaurus Sinotyrannus Yutyrannus

Albertosaurus
Gorgosaurus

Tyrannosaurinae

Asiatyrannus Nanuqsaurus
Alioramini	Alioramus Qianzhousaurus
Daspletosaurini	Daspletosaurus Thanatotheristes
Teratophoneini	Bistahieversor? Dynamoterror Labocania? Lythronax Teratophoneus
Tyrannosaurini	Tarbosaurus Tyrannosaurus Zhuchengtyrannus

Maniraptoromorpha	see below↓

Dubious coelurosaurs	Iliosuchus Kakuru Phaedrolosaurus Shanyangosaurus

Maniraptoromorpha

Neocoelurosauria

Aniksosaurus
Compsognathidae	Aniksosaurus? Aristosuchus Beipiaognathus? Compsognathus Huaxiagnathus Mirischia Scipionyx? Sinocalliopteryx Sinosauropteryx Xunmenglong

Maniraptoriformes

Compsognathidae?

Ornithomimosauria

Macrocheiriformes

Harpymimus Pelecanimimus Shenzhousaurus
Deinocheiridae	Beishanlong Deinocheirus Garudimimus Harpymimus? Paraxenisaurus? Tyrannomimus
Ornithomimidae	Aepyornithomimus Anserimimus Archaeornithomimus "Coelosaurus" Dromiceiomimus Gallimimus Ornithomimus Qiupalong Rativates Sinornithomimus Struthiomimus Tototlmimus

Maniraptora

- see Maniraptora
- includes birds

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