個
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Translingual
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Stroke order | |||
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Han character
個 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人田十口 (OWJR), four-corner 26200, composition ⿰亻固)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 107, character 17
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 758
- Dae Jaweon: page 228, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 178, character 3
- Unihan data for U+500B
Chinese
trad. | 個/箇 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 个 | |
alternative forms | 个 especially in the possessive usage 的 Hokkien; possessive particle 亓 Hokkien; possessive particle ㄟ Taiwanese Hokkien; possessive particle 兮 Taiwanese Hokkien; possessive particle 个 especially in the possessive usage 的 Hokkien; possessive particle 亓 Hokkien; possessive particle ㄟ Taiwanese Hokkien; possessive particle 兮 Taiwanese Hokkien; possessive particle ケ Taiwanese Hokkien; possessive particle 亇 |
Glyph origin
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
箇 | *kaːls |
個 | *kaːls |
居 | *kɯ, *kas |
橭 | *kaː, *kʰaː |
嫴 | *kaː |
姑 | *kaː |
辜 | *kaː |
酤 | *kaː, *kaːs, *ɡaːʔ |
蛄 | *kaː |
鴣 | *kaː |
沽 | *kaː, *kaːʔ, *kaːs |
盬 | *kaː, *kaːʔ |
古 | *kaːʔ |
罟 | *kaːʔ |
估 | *kaːʔ |
鈷 | *kaːʔ |
詁 | *kaːʔ |
牯 | *kaːʔ |
故 | *kaːs |
固 | *kaːs |
稒 | *kaːɡs |
痼 | *kaːɡs |
錮 | *kaːɡs |
鯝 | *kaːɡs |
棝 | *kaːɡs |
凅 | *kaːɡs |
枯 | *kʰaː |
軲 | *kʰaː |
跍 | *kʰaː |
骷 | *kʰaː |
苦 | *kʰaːʔ, *kʰaːs |
葫 | *qʰaː, *ɡaː |
餬 | *ɡaː |
瑚 | *ɡaː |
湖 | *ɡaː |
鶘 | *ɡaː |
猢 | *ɡaː |
醐 | *ɡaː |
糊 | *ɡaː |
箶 | *ɡaː |
蝴 | *ɡaː |
胡 | *ɡaː |
瓳 | *ɡaː |
怙 | *ɡaːʔ |
祜 | *ɡaːʔ |
岵 | *ɡaːʔ |
婟 | *ɡaːʔ, *ɡaːɡs |
楛 | *ɡaːʔ |
据 | *ka |
裾 | *ka |
琚 | *ka |
椐 | *ka, *kas, *kʰa |
鶋 | *ka |
蜛 | *ka |
崌 | *ka |
涺 | *ka |
腒 | *ka, *ɡa |
鋸 | *kas |
倨 | *kas |
踞 | *kas |
涸 | *ɡaːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *kaːls) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 固 (OC *kaːs).
Etymology
The semantics may have developed along the grammaticalisation process "bamboo stalk" (箇) > "piece, item" > "classifier for every category of noun" > "possessive particle, generic particle". If so, it would then possibly be cognate with 竿 (OC *kaːn, “bamboo, rod”). Compare Tibetan མཁར་བ (mkhar ba), འཁར་བ ('khar ba, “walking stick, staff”) and Thai ก้าน (gâan, “stem, stalk”).
- Southern Min classifier and possessive particle
- Hokkien ê/gê (classifier), ê (possessive particle), Teochew gai5 (classifier), gai7 (possessive particle): from 其 (OC *ɡɯ) (Li, 2002; Douglas, 1873[1]). Cognate with Eastern Min 其 (gì, “possessive particle”), Northern Min 的 (gâ̤, “possessive particle”). The modern forms of these cognates all derive from the 陽平/阳平 (“yangping”) tone.
- Wu classifier and possessive particle
- Though the expected pronunciation (in for instance Shanghainese) would be /ku/, this has underwent glottalisation (Dai, 2004). Compare 勒 (“to be in, to be at”), 搭 (“to”). In Shanghainese, this often undergoes further lenition to /ɦəʔ/.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): go4
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): гә (gə, I)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): go4
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): ge3
- Northern Min (KCR): gŏ̤
- Eastern Min (BUC): gó̤ / gá
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 8geq; 8gheq; 7eq; 5ku / 7keq; 5kou
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): go4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄜˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gè
- Wade–Giles: ko4
- Yale: gè
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: geh
- Palladius: гэ (gɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɤ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ˙ㄍㄜ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ge̊
- Wade–Giles: ko5
- Yale: ge
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: .ge
- Palladius: гэ (gɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /g̊ə/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄜˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gě
- Wade–Giles: ko3
- Yale: gě
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gee
- Palladius: гэ (gɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɤ²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- ge - classifier;
- gě - colloquial, used in 自個兒.
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: go4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: go
- Sinological IPA (key): /ko²¹³/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: гә (gə, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kə²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: go3
- Yale: go
- Cantonese Pinyin: go3
- Guangdong Romanization: go3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɔː³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: goi1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kᵘɔi³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: go4
- Sinological IPA (key): /ko³⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ke / kai
- Hakka Romanization System: ge / gai
- Hagfa Pinyim: ge4 / gai4
- Sinological IPA: /ke⁵⁵/, /kai̯⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: ge3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /kɤ⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gŏ̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɔ²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gó̤ / gá
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɔ²¹³/, /kɑ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- gó̤ - literary;
- gá - classifier.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kò
- Tâi-lô: kò
- Phofsit Daibuun: koix
- IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /ko⁴¹/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ko²¹/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɤ²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /ko¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ê
- Tâi-lô: ê
- Phofsit Daibuun: ee
- IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Philippines): /e²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /e¹³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /e²³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gê
- Tâi-lô: gê
- Phofsit Daibuun: gee
- IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /ɡe²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Penang, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lê
- Tâi-lô: lê
- Phofsit Daibuun: lee
- IPA (Penang): /le²³/
- IPA (Philippines): /le²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: go6 / gai5 / gai7
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kŏ / kâi / kāi
- Sinological IPA (key): /ko³⁵/, /kai⁵⁵/, /kai¹¹/
- go6 - literary;
- gai5 - classifier, or particle introducing the object of the verb (equivalent to 把);
- gai7 - possessive particle.
- Wu
- (Shanghainese) 8geq ~ 8gheq ~ 7eq, (Suzhounese) 7keq - classifier or particle;
- (Shanghainese) 5ku, (Suzhounese) 5kou - literary.
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: go4
- Sinological IPA (key): /ko⁴⁵/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 個 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /kɤ⁵¹/ |
Harbin | /kɤ⁵¹/ | |
Tianjin | ||
Jinan | /kɤ²¹³/ /kɤ²¹/ | |
Qingdao | /kə⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /kə³¹/ | |
Xi'an | /kɤ⁵⁵/ | |
Xining | ||
Yinchuan | /kə¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /kə¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /kɤ²¹³/ | |
Wuhan | /ko³⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /ko²¹³/ | |
Guiyang | /ko¹³/ | |
Kunming | /ko²¹¹/ | |
Nanjing | /ko⁴⁴/ | |
Hefei | /kʊ⁵³/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /kɤ⁴⁵/ |
Pingyao | ||
Hohhot | /kəʔ³⁴/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ɡəʔ¹²/ 一~ /ɦəʔ¹²/ 一~ /ku³³⁴/ ~人 |
Suzhou | /kəʔ⁴³/ 一~ /kəu⁵²³/ ~人 | |
Hangzhou | /koʔ⁵/ 一~ /ko⁴⁴⁵/ ~人 | |
Wenzhou | /kai⁴²/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /kəo²¹³/ |
Tunxi | /ka⁴²/ 一~ /kɔ⁴²/ 爾~爸 | |
Xiang | Changsha | /ko⁴⁵/ |
Xiangtan | /ko⁴⁵/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /ko³⁵/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /kɛ⁵²/ |
Taoyuan | ||
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kɔ³³/ |
Nanning | /kɔ³³/ | |
Hong Kong | /kɔ³³/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /ko¹¹/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kɔ²¹³/ 文 /ka²¹³/ 白 | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /kɔ²⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /kai⁵⁵/ 文 /ko⁵⁵/ 白 | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /kai²¹/ 文 /ke²¹/ 白 |
- Middle Chinese: kaH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤa[r]-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kaːls/
Definitions
個
- single; alone; individual
- height; build; stature
- (dialectal Hakka, dialectal Min, dialectal Wu) one
- The generic classifier for people or for things lacking specific classifiers.
- Classifier for hours and months.
- Alternative classifier, for nouns having specific classifiers. Often colloquial and regional. Usage varies greatly between different topolects.
- (Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew, Puxian Min, Wenzhounese) Classifier for money: yuan, dollar; buck
- 三個九毫九/三个九毫九 [Cantonese] ― saam1 go3 gau2 hou4 gau2 [Jyutping] ― three dollars and ninety-nine cents
- 八個六/八个六 [Cantonese] ― baat3 go3 luk6 [ [Jyutping] ― eight dollars and sixty cents
- 三個銀/三个银 [Sixian Hakka] ― sâm ke ngiùn [Pha̍k-fa-sṳ] ― three dollars
- 兩斤五個/两斤五个 [Teochew] ― no6 geng1 ngou6 gai5 [Peng'im] ― two catties for five dollars
- 個銀三粒/个银三粒 [Teochew] ― gai5 ngeng5 san1 liab8 [Peng'im] ― three for a buck
- (Cantonese, slang) Classifier for money: ten thousand yuan, dollars, etc.
- (Mandarin, colloquial) Particle, placed between a verb and numbers, showing that the following numbers are approximate, not accurate.
- (Mandarin, Cantonese, colloquial) Particle, placed between a verb and its object or complement, adding a sense of ease, swiftness and one-offness to the action.
- (Mandarin, colloquial) Particle used after 些 (xiē).
- Particle between a verb and its complement.
- (dialectal Mandarin) Particle used in some time-related words.
- (literary or Wu, Xiang, Gan, dialectal Cantonese, dialectal Min) (= 搿 (Northern Wu)) this; that
- (dialectal Cantonese, Hakka, Southern Min, Wu) Possessive particle. Equivalent to Mandarin 的 (de).
- → 嘅 (ge3) (Cantonese); 格 (kaq), 額/额 (gheq) (Shanghainese) (Mandarin influenced); 噶, 葛 (Suzhounese); 的 (ê) (Hokkien)
- 我個冊/我个册 [Hokkien] ― góa ê chheh [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― my book
- 我個書/我个书 [Teochew] ― ua2 gai7 ze1 [Peng'im] ― my book
- 我個小囡/我个小囡 [Shanghainese] ― 6ngu-gheq 5shiau-noe [Wugniu] ― my child
- 客家個精神/客家个精神 [Sixian Hakka] ― hak-kâ ke chîn-sṳ̀n [Pha̍k-fa-sṳ] ― the Hakka spirit
- (dialectal) Sentence-final declarative, affirmative, or prohibitive particle. Equivalent to Mandarin 的 (de), 了 (le).
- (often dialectal) Emphatic particle between a pronoun and a noun, usually to highlight some negative quality of the person.
- (Teochew) to be
- 我個潮州來個。 [Teochew, trad.]
- From: Based on 2011, Hui Ling Xu; Stephen Matthews, On the polyfunctionality and grammaticalization of the morpheme kai in the Chaozhou dialect, in Foong Ha Yap; Karen Grunow-Hårsta; Janick Wrona (eds.), Nominalization in Asian Languages: Diachronic and typological perspectives, page 121
- ua2 gai5 dio5 ziu1 lai5 gai7 [Peng'im]
- I come from Chaozhou. (i.e., It is Chaozhou that I come from.)
我个潮州来个。 [Teochew, simp.]
- (dated Shanghainese) Used to indicate the past tense.
- (Cantonese) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Usage notes
- For Hokkien, Taiwan's Ministry of Education recommends 个 for the general classifier ê and 的 for the possessive particle ê, reserving 個 for the month classifier kò.
- For Hakka, Taiwan's Ministry of Education recommends 个 for the possessive particle.
- In Cantonese, when used for "yuan/dollar", 個 is usually only used when followed by cents.
- Northern Wu languages can mark for tenses, as well as aspects. In Old Shanghainese, this is used to mark the past tense, as opposed to a perfect aspect.
Synonyms
- (height):
- 個子/个子 (gèzi) (chiefly refers to height)
- 個頭/个头 (chiefly refers to height)
- 形體/形体 (xíngtǐ)
- 漢草/汉草 (Xiamen Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
- 衣架 (yījià) (figurative)
- 衣架子 (yījiàzi) (figurative)
- 袤 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 身材 (shēncái)
- 身架子 (seng1 jia3 zeh) (Jin)
- 身段 (shēnduàn) (of a woman)
- 身胚 (Hakka)
- 身裝/身装 (Hakka)
- 骨塊/骨块 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
- 體型/体型 (tǐxíng)
- 體形/体形 (tǐxíng)
- 體態/体态 (tǐtài) (including posture)
- (one):
- (classifier):
- (possessive particle):
- (yuan; dollar):
- (this):
Compounds
- 一個/一个 (yīgè)
- 一個勁兒/一个劲儿 (yīgejìnr)
- 一個子兒/一个子儿
- 一個樣兒/一个样儿
- 七個八個/七个八个
- 不是個兒/不是个儿
- 些個/些个 (xiēge)
- 今兒個/今儿个 (jīnrgè)
- 個中/个中 (gèzhōng)
- 個中三昧/个中三昧
- 個中人/个中人
- 個中滋味/个中滋味
- 個中道理/个中道理
- 個事/个事
- 個人/个人 (gèrén)
- 個人主義/个人主义 (gèrén zhǔyì)
- 個人外交/个人外交
- 個人所得/个人所得
- 個人撥接/个人拨接
- 個人本位/个人本位
- 個人秀/个人秀
- 個人衛生/个人卫生 (gèrén wèishēng)
- 個人資料/个人资料
- 個人電腦/个人电脑 (gèrén diànnǎo)
- 個人首頁/个人首页
- 個位/个位 (gèwèi)
- 個個/个个 (gègè)
- 個個稱羨/个个称羡
- 個兒/个儿 (gèr)
- 個別/个别 (gèbié)
- 個別差異/个别差异
- 個別輔導/个别辅导
- 個子/个子 (gèzi)
- 個展/个展 (gèzhǎn)
- 個性/个性 (gèxìng)
- 個性難改/个性难改
- 個把/个把
- 個數/个数 (gèshù)
- 個案/个案 (gè'àn)
- 個案分析/个案分析
- 個案研究/个案研究 (gè'àn yánjiū)
- 個樣/个样
- 個裡/个里
- 個頭/个头
- 個體/个体 (gètǐ)
- 個體戶/个体户 (gètǐhù)
- 做的個/做的个
- 傍個影兒/傍个影儿
- 兩個聲/两个声 (liǎnggèshēng)
- 則個/则个
- 前兒個/前儿个 (qiánrge)
- 半個/半个 (bànge)
- 半個人/半个人 (bàn ge rén)
- 又弱一個/又弱一个
- 各個/各个 (gègè)
- 各個擊破/各个击破 (gègèjīpò)
- 單個兒/单个儿
- 噶個點兒/噶个点儿
- 四個堅持/四个坚持
- 夜兒個/夜儿个 (yèrge)
- 大個/大个
- 大個兒/大个儿
- 大個子/大个子
- 好個/好个
- 寧個/宁个
- 帶個好/带个好
- 幫個場子/帮个场子
- 幾個/几个 (jǐgè)
- 幾兒個/几儿个
- 成個兒/成个儿 (chénggèr)
- 打一個吞/打一个吞
- 打個前失/打个前失
- 打個千兒/打个千儿
- 打個問號/打个问号
- 打個沉兒/打个沉儿
- 打個照會/打个照会
- 打個照面/打个照面
- 打個花/打个花
- 挨個兒/挨个儿 (āigèr)
- 探個究竟/探个究竟
- 揀啊揀,揀著一個賣龍眼/揀啊揀,揀著一个賣龍眼/拣啊拣,拣着一个卖龙眼 (kéng--ah kéng, kéng-tio̍h chi̍t ê bē lêng-géng) (Hokkien)
- 撲個滿懷/扑个满怀
- 撲個空/扑个空
- 整個/整个 (zhěnggè)
- 有個好歹/有个好歹
- 有個屁用/有个屁用
- 有個數兒/有个数儿
- 有個說兒/有个说儿
- 某個/某个 (mǒugè)
- 比個高下/比个高下
- 比個高低/比个高低
- 沒個出豁/没个出豁
- 沒個是處/没个是处
- 沒個見識/没个见识
- 沒個開交/没个开交
- 滅不個/灭不个
- 滿好個/满好个
- 猛個勁/猛个劲
- 獨自個/独自个
- 發個兒/发个儿
- 看個究竟/看个究竟
- 真個/真个 (zhēngè)
- 矬個兒/矬个儿
- 矮個/矮个 (ǎigè)
- 矮個兒/矮个儿 (ǎigèr)
- 矮個子/矮个子 (ǎigèzi)
- 第一個/第一个 (dì-yī gè)
- 自個兒/自个儿 (zìgěr)
- 若個/若个
- 行個方便/行个方便
- 見個情/见个情
- 覷個意順/觑个意顺
- 討個分曉/讨个分晓
- 賠個不是/赔个不是
- 賣個破綻/卖个破绽
- 這個/这个
- 這個擋口/这个挡口
- 這個當兒/这个当儿
- 這個那個/这个那个
- 那個/那个
- 郎個/郎个
- 隔裡個裡/隔里个里
- 高個兒/高个儿
- 高個子/高个子
- 麥個子/麦个子
Descendants
Others:
References
- ^ Douglas, Carstairs (1873) “dê”, in Chinese-English Dictionary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Amoy, [With 1923 Supplement after the Appendix by Thomas Barclay, Shanghai: Commercial Press, Ltd.] edition (overall work in Hokkien and English), London: Trübner & Co., page 99; New Edition (With Chinese Character Glosses) edition, London: Presbyterian Church of England, 1899, page 99
Japanese
Kanji
Readings
Counter
Kanji in this term |
---|
個 |
こ Grade: 5 |
tōon |
Usage notes
This is one of the most common counter words in Japanese. It can be used to count small, round objects.
See also
See Template:ja-number-counter:個.
Korean
Hanja
Compounds
- 개인 (個人, gaein, “individual”)
Vietnamese
Han character
- generic classifier
References
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han phono-semantic compounds
- Mandarin terms with audio links
- Cantonese terms with audio links
- Mandarin terms with multiple pronunciations
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Sichuanese lemmas
- Dungan lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Taishanese lemmas
- Gan lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Jin lemmas
- Northern Min lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Xiang lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese hanzi
- Mandarin hanzi
- Sichuanese hanzi
- Dungan hanzi
- Cantonese hanzi
- Taishanese hanzi
- Gan hanzi
- Hakka hanzi
- Jin hanzi
- Northern Min hanzi
- Eastern Min hanzi
- Hokkien hanzi
- Teochew hanzi
- Wu hanzi
- Xiang hanzi
- Middle Chinese hanzi
- Old Chinese hanzi
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Sichuanese nouns
- Dungan nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Taishanese nouns
- Gan nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Jin nouns
- Northern Min nouns
- Eastern Min nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Wu nouns
- Xiang nouns
- Middle Chinese nouns
- Old Chinese nouns
- Chinese classifiers
- Mandarin classifiers
- Sichuanese classifiers
- Dungan classifiers
- Cantonese classifiers
- Taishanese classifiers
- Gan classifiers
- Hakka classifiers
- Jin classifiers
- Northern Min classifiers
- Eastern Min classifiers
- Hokkien classifiers
- Teochew classifiers
- Wu classifiers
- Xiang classifiers
- Middle Chinese classifiers
- Old Chinese classifiers
- Chinese particles
- Mandarin particles
- Sichuanese particles
- Dungan particles
- Cantonese particles
- Taishanese particles
- Gan particles
- Hakka particles
- Jin particles
- Northern Min particles
- Eastern Min particles
- Hokkien particles
- Teochew particles
- Wu particles
- Xiang particles
- Middle Chinese particles
- Old Chinese particles
- Chinese adjectives
- Mandarin adjectives
- Sichuanese adjectives
- Dungan adjectives
- Cantonese adjectives
- Taishanese adjectives
- Gan adjectives
- Hakka adjectives
- Jin adjectives
- Northern Min adjectives
- Eastern Min adjectives
- Hokkien adjectives
- Teochew adjectives
- Wu adjectives
- Xiang adjectives
- Middle Chinese adjectives
- Old Chinese adjectives
- Chinese adverbs
- Mandarin adverbs
- Sichuanese adverbs
- Dungan adverbs
- Cantonese adverbs
- Taishanese adverbs
- Gan adverbs
- Hakka adverbs
- Jin adverbs
- Northern Min adverbs
- Eastern Min adverbs
- Hokkien adverbs
- Teochew adverbs
- Wu adverbs
- Xiang adverbs
- Middle Chinese adverbs
- Old Chinese adverbs
- Chinese verbs
- Teochew verbs
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 個
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Hakka Chinese
- Wu Chinese
- Hokkien terms with usage examples
- Cantonese terms with usage examples
- Cantonese Chinese
- Teochew Chinese
- Puxian Min Chinese
- Wenzhounese Wu
- Hakka terms with usage examples
- Teochew terms with usage examples
- Chinese slang
- Mandarin Chinese
- Chinese colloquialisms
- Chinese literary terms
- Xiang Chinese
- Gan Chinese
- Chinese dialectal terms
- Min Chinese
- Wu terms with usage examples
- Southern Min Chinese
- Wu terms with quotations
- Teochew terms with quotations
- Chinese dated terms
- Shanghainese Wu
- Cantonese terms with quotations
- Beginning Mandarin
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese fifth grade kanji
- Japanese kyōiku kanji
- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading か
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading か
- Japanese kanji with tōon reading こ
- Japanese terms spelled with 個 read as こ
- Japanese terms read with tōon
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese counters
- Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with 個
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Korean hanja forms
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters